Research and Application of Decision - making System in Mine Fire

主要介绍了矿井火灾决策系统的组成及应用。矿井火灾决策系统能大大节省灾变时期的反应时间，为企业在第一时间采取果断措施尽可能消除或减少火灾损失争取宝贵的时间，对于矿井火灾的防治具有重要的意义。     

浅谈木材加工厂火险防范及处理方法

结合苇河林业局木材加工的特点和现状,论述了木材加工厂可以引起火灾的因素和危险性,并阐明了针对木材加工厂火险的防范措施和处理方法。     

森林消防车动力性仿真技术研究现状与前景分析

介绍了当前国内外对森林消防车动力性能的研究现状,并对其动力性仿真技术的应用(如MATLAB、CRUISE、ADVISOR、PAST等)进行研究。结果表明,动力性仿真技术在森林消防车的性能研究方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Forest soil chemical changes following fire

Abstract

Prescribed fire to remove residue in a pine plantation on a sandy soil resulted in increases in pH, P, K and Ca in the top 20 cm of soil during the first 15 months following treatment.     

自动配料生产线远程管理系统研究

为实现自动配料生产过程的远程管理及生产现场的无人值守,根据自动配料生产线的特点,设计了一种自动生产配合饲料的远程管理系统。系统采用S7-200 CPU226实现现场设备的控制。通过自由口协议实现与现场监控计算机的通信。监控程序使用VC++.NET开发,并采用客户端/服务器通信模式,实现了自动配料系统的网络化远程管理。采用屏幕切分法进行现场监控画面的及时传输,实现现场设备的实时监控。     

Simulation of pressure caused by multiplication and swelling of Erwinia amylovora in intercellular space of host tissue

WhenErwinia amylovora grows, in an intercellular space of a host, and fills this space, further multiplication or swelling may create a pressure, and may cause tearing of host tissue. Theoretically, this bacterial pressure equals the actual water potential of the host tissue minus the water potential at which the bacterial biomass would completely fill the intercellular space, but without exerting pressure.Simulation runs indicate that, when the pressure increases, the extracellular slime ofE. amylovora shrinks by releasing water, thus allowing further production of bacterial dry matter. The slime remains around the bacterial cells as a dense substance, low in water content, having a strong capacity to swell when the pressure induces tearing apart of the host tissue. Simulation runs show that the pressure attains its highest values at evening and night.Some fire blight symptoms that illustrate the evidence of bacterial pressure are discussed.     

Erwinia amylovora populations resistant to oxolinic acid in Israel: prevalence, persistence and fitness

Oxolinic acid (OA) has been the only bactericide used against fire blight in pear and quince orchards in Israel since 1998. OA-resistant Erwinia amylovora strains (Ea-OA^R) were detected in several orchards in two restricted areas in the northern Galilee region during 1999–2001. In the following years, resistant strains could not be detected in some of these locations. Documenting the fate of Ea-OA^R strains in commercial orchards at eight sites in northern Israel during 2000/03 revealed that the resistant population appeared irrespective of the number of sprays applied and the severity of the disease. The persistence of the Ea-OA^R populations varied from site to site, ranging from 4 to 20 months; these differences could be attributed to the fire blight management activities of growers. Comparative studies on the fitness of Ea-OA^R and E. amylovora strains sensitive to OA (Ea-OA^S) were conducted in vitro and in planta using two strains of each group. In four of the six comparisons, disease incidence on detached blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^S was significantly higher than that on blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 8-year-old pear trees grown under netting, the colonization of Ea-OA^S in blossoms, annual shoots and perennial spurs was significantly higher than that of the Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 2-year-old trees grown under netting in an experimental station, the incidence of shoots exhibiting fire blight symptoms and the rate of symptom progress within the branches were significantly higher in trees inoculated with Ea-OA^S than in those inoculated with Ea-OA^R. The results of this study suggest that OA-resistant E. amylovora strains have lower fitness than wild-type strains. These findings may have implications for fire blight management.     

Efficacy of oxolinic acid and other bactericides in suppression ofErwinia amylovora in pear orchards in Israel

The efficacy of oxolinic acid (at 200 and 300 μg a.i./l) and of several antibiotic compounds (streptomycin sulfate at 100 μg a.i./l, glycocide B at 700 μg a.i./l, kasugamycin at 80 μg a.i./l and gentamicin sulfate at 30 and 60 μg a.i./l) againstErwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pears, was evaluated in 43 orchard experiments in 1997–2000 in Israel. In addition to the above orchard experiments, the efficacy of the bactericides was tested in live experiments with artificial inoculation. Natural fire blight symptoms were observed in 16 of the 43 experiments; in 13 of them, disease intensity and its distribution among the experimental plots provided a basis for data analysis, leading to reliable conclusions concerning the efficacy of the tested bactericides. Oxolinic acid at 300 μg a.i./l was highly effective againstE. amylovora and reduced disease severity significantly in all experiments, as compared with the untreated plots; however, a concentration of 200 μg a.i./l was not effective in some cases. Among the tested antibiotics, only gentamicin sulfate was as effective as oxolinic acid. Results of the artificial inoculation experiments corroborated those obtained in the naturally infected orchards. The pre-infection activity of oxolinic acid was determined on blossom clusters that were sprayed with the bactericide before inoculation. Control efficacy on blossom clusters sprayed 1–4 days before inoculation ranged from 68% to 80%, a level which did not differ significantly from that observed on blossom clusters sprayed on the day of inoculation (80% control). The postinfection activity of oxolinic acid was determined on blossom clusters that were sprayed with the compound after inoculation. Oxolinic acid was as effective when applied 1 or 2 days after inoculation as when it was applied on the day of inoculation; however, application of the bactericide 3 days after inoculation no longer resulted in significant disease suppression. Oxolinic acid has been used commercially in Israel since 1998 with appreciable success. Contribution No. 533-00 from the Agricultural Research Organization     

Fire-induced changes in northern Patagonian landscapes

In northern Patagonia, Argentina we quantify changes in fire frequency along a gradient from mesic Nothofagus dombeyi forest to xeric woodlands of Austrocedrus chilensis at the steppe ecotone, and we examine patterns of vegetation change coincident with the changes in fire regimes across a range of spatial scales. At a regional scale changes in land cover types are documented by comparing 1:250000 scale cover type maps from 1913 and 1985. Changes in landscape structure are analyzed by comparing vegetation patterns on 1:24000 scale aerial photographs taken in 1940 and 1970. Fire frequency peaked in the late nineteenth-century due to widespread burning and clearing of forests by European settlers late in the century. Subsequently, fire frequency declined dramatically about 1910 due to the cessation of intentional fires and has remained low due to increasingly effective fire exclusion. At a regional scale there has been a dramatic increase during the twentieth century in the proportion of forest cover relative to areas mapped as recent burns or shrublands in 1913. Remnant forest patches that survived the widespread late-nineteenth century burning have coalesced to form more continuous forest covers, and formerly continuous areas of shrublands have become dissected by forest. Under reduced fire frequency there has been a shift in dominance from short-lived resprouting species (mostly shrubs) towards longer-lived species and obligate seed-dispersers such as Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi. Due to limited seed dispersal of these tree species, the spatial configuration of remnant forest patches plays a key role in subsequent changes in landscape pattern.     

库鄯线INERGEN气体自动灭火系统

介绍了库鄯输油道采用的ＩＮＥＲＧＥＮ气体自动灭火系统的组成、特点、工艺及操作主要设备参数以及测试方法等，对该系统的维护及保养提出了几点建议，该系统的建立可有效地保护库鄯输油管道首末站的站控室，通信机房、ＵＰＳ间及减压站的柴油发电机房、配电室，站控室，通信机房及ＵＰＳ间等。