运筹帷幄的决策工具——运筹学

运筹学是关于做决定的科学,运筹学集数学和其他科学方法为一体,对现实问题进行模型化并提出解决方案,把它科学地应用到各企业管理中,可有效地帮助企业做出合理的决策.     

永久性贮水池在水灭火法扑救森林火灾中的运用

本文简要阐述了水灭火法灭火原理与系统组成,提出通过建立永久性贮水池促进水灭火法将成为我国林火扑救重要手段的发展设想。     

The influence of fire on rodent abundance at the N’washitshumbe enclosure site,Kruger National Park,South Africa

The relative population numbers of rodents were studied in nine habitats in and outside the N’washitshumbe enclosure site, Kruger National Park, before and after burning the firebreaks that surround the enclosure. Trap success was exceptionally high, and the field work is suspected to have coincided with a Mastomys population explosion. This genus dominated the small mammal communities before and after the burn, and never disappeared from the burnt patches. Its numbers also did not crash directly after the burn, as have been reported in most other studies. Movement from the burnt areas was observed, which may have had a significant impact on the numbers of rodents caught both inside the enclosure and in the more natural areas outside. Our study suggests that fire can be investigated as a tool to keep rodent densities down in areas where they are nuisance animals, especially when used in conjunction with models that forecast outbreaks of Mastomys. It also emphasizes the value of long-term studies informing management strategies for animal damage control and biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.     

Research and Application of Decision - making System in Mine Fire

主要介绍了矿井火灾决策系统的组成及应用。矿井火灾决策系统能大大节省灾变时期的反应时间,为企业在第一时间采取果断措施尽可能消除或减少火灾损失争取宝贵的时间,对于矿井火灾的防治具有重要的意义。     

兔眼蓝莓火灾后修剪抢救技术研究初报

本文对遭受火灾的蓝莓植株开展不同高度修剪抢救试验,并调查了复活率、萌芽及新枝生长情况。结果表明：修剪高度在离地面≤5 cm和15 cm～20 cm两种处理都能萌芽抽枝,复活率达到100%。不同的修剪高度萌芽抽枝情况无规律性差异。当年新生枝以营养生长为主,部分新生枝在当年秋季出现花芽分化开始生殖生长。建议对遭受火灾为害的蓝莓植株及时修剪,保证成活率。     

火干扰对本氏针茅草地群落特征的影响

摘要：以云雾山典型草原本氏针茅（Stipa bungeana）群落为对象,研究了火烧后2年、10年和未烧草地群落的物种重要值、群落平均高度、盖度、密度、地上生物量、多样性指数及枯落物积累量的变化。结果表明,1）3个样地中,本氏针茅和白颖苔草（Carex rigesoens）是共优势种;火烧后2年和未烧地,铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)成为次优势种,而火烧后10年,赖草（Leymus secalinus）成为次优势种。2）火烧后2年地,群落的平均高度显著减小(P<0.05);火烧后10年地,群落的平均盖度显著减小(P<0.05);火烧后2年和火烧后10年地,群落的平均密度显著增加(P<0.05)。3）火烧后,群落的地上生物量、多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4）枯落物积累量变化表现为：未烧地>火烧后10年地>火烧后2年地,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Surveillance and Early Warning of West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Using Backyard Chickens and Correlation to Human Neuroinvasive Cases

In 2010, a West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic was reported in Central Macedonia, Northern Greece, with 197 neuroinvasive disease (WNND) cases in humans. The following 3 years, WNV spreads to new areas of Greece and human cases reoccurred during the transmission periods. After the initial outbreak, a WNV surveillance system using juvenile backyard chickens was established in Central Macedonia (after the 2011 outbreak) and Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace (after the 2012 outbreak). Sera were screened for the presence of antibodies against WNV using cELISA and serum neutralization test, to monitor the spread of WNV and to assess the correlation between the WNV point seroprevalence in chickens and the incidence rates of human WNND cases in the aforementioned areas. WNV seroprevalence in chickens was 10.4% (95% CI: 7–15) in Central Macedonia (2011) and 18.1% (95% CI: 14–23) in Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace (2012). Seroprevalence in chickens and incidence rates of human WNND cases in Eastern Macedonia‐Thrace were strongly positively correlated (ρ = 0.98, P = 0.005) at the regional unit level, with the incidence of WNND in humans increasing with increasing WNV point seroprevalence in chickens. In Central Macedonia, the correlation was weaker (ρ = 0.68, P = 0.20), apparently due to small number of reported human WNND cases. Another study was also conducted using juvenile backyard chickens in Central Macedonia, aiming to detect early WNV enzootic circulation, before the onset of human cases during 2011 and 2013. The first seroconverted chickens were detected about 1.5 months before the laboratory diagnosis of any human WNND cases in Central Macedonia, for both years. WNV surveillance, using juvenile backyard chickens, was reliable for the identification of areas with WNV enzootic and silent transmission, and for early warning. Timely diffusion of information to public health authorities facilitated the successful implementation of preparedness plans to protect public health.     

河南省动物疫病监测预警体系建设的现状及建议

为了有效的防控动物疫病,提高动物疫病的综合防控能力,针对新形势下的动物疫病流行特点,河南省建立了动物疫病监测预警体系。论文介绍了河南省动物疫病监测预警体系的组成部分和监测网络,以及各个监测主体的具体职责。通过对河南省动物疫病监测预警体系现状的分析,指出了此体系中存在的主要问题和不足,并对体系的完善提出了几点建议。     

浅谈河南县草原防火工作及今后工作思路

本文从阐述河南县草原防火工作现状和存在的主要问题入手,针对性的提出了今后草原防火的意见建议。