Prediction of the changes on the CIELab values of fabric after chemical finishing using artificial neural network and linear regression models

Changes on the CIELab values of the dyed materials after the different chemical finishing treatments using artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) models have been predicted. The whole structural properties of fabrics and some process data which were from fiber to the finishing parameters were accepted as inputs in these models. The networks having different structures were established, and it was also focus on the parameters which could affect the performance of the established networks. It was determined that we could successfully predict the color differences values occurring on the material after the finishing applications. In addition, we realized that some ANN parameters affected the prediction performance while establishing the models. After training ANN models, the prediction of the color difference values was also tried by linear regression models. Then, extra ANN models were established for all outputs using the parameters as inputs in the LR equations, and the prediction performances of both established models were compared. According to the results, the neural network model gives a more accurate prediction performance than the LR models.     

断奶时间对羔羊生长性能和器官发育及血清学指标的影响

【目的】研究不同断奶日龄对羔羊断奶后10d的生长、营养物质消化、器官发育和血清指标的影响,筛选羔羊最佳的早期断奶日龄。【方法】选取出生日龄、体重相近的湖羊羔羊72只,分成4组。3个试验组每组16只,分别于羔羊10、20、30日龄进行断奶,饲喂代乳品（EW10组、EW20组、EW30组）;对照组24只（ER组）,羔羊随母哺乳。试验组羔羊于断奶后10d内进行消化试验,并在断奶后10d时测定羔羊生长性能、器官发育情况和血清指标变化规律,并以对照组作相同处理作为对照。【结果】（1）断奶后10d时,EW10和EW30羔羊体重、日增重显著低于ER（P＜0.05）,而EW20羔羊体重、日增重与ER差异不显著（P＞0.05）。EW10和EW20组断奶后10d内羔羊开食料干物质采食量显著高于ER组（P＜0.05）,EW30与ER组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）EW10组羔羊断奶后10d内干物质（DM）和有机物（OM）的消化率与ER差异不显著（P＞0.05）,总能（GE）、氮（N）、粗脂肪（EE）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）的表观消化率显著低于ER组（P＜0.05）。EW20和EW30组羔羊断奶后10内DM、OM、GE、N、EE、Ca和P的表观消化率显著低于ER组（P＜0.05）。（3）羔羊断奶后10d时EW10组瘤胃占羔羊体重比值显著高于ER（P＜0.05）,EW20和EW30组与ER组相比差异不显著,但均高于ER组。其余指标或组别均差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（4）早期断奶羔羊各血清指标在断奶当天与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。EW10和EW30组羔羊断奶后10d血清中TP和ALB含量显著低于ER（P＜0.05）,EW10羔羊于断奶后10d血清中TNF-α显著高于ER（P＜0.05）,EW10和EW30羔羊断奶后10d血清中CORT显著高于ER（P＜0.05）。【结论】羔羊20日龄断奶后10d应激较小,此日龄断奶效果较佳。     

不同处理大豆蛋白源代乳料哺育早期断奶羔羊的效果

以奶粉人工哺育的羔羊作为消化代谢试验对照,以自然哺乳的羔羊作为生长发育对照,以两种以处理大豆为主要蛋白源的代乳料人工哺育的羔羊为试验处理组,总共4组小尾寒羊(♀)和萨福克(♂)杂一代羔羊进行饲养试验。结果表明:1.人工哺乳初期,羔羊对以植物性蛋白为主的代乳料不适应,人工哺乳生长速度低,但随着日龄的增加,羔羊对代乳料有了一定的适应性,同时对粗料的摄入增加,生长速度加快,到47日龄体重达到或超过自然哺乳羔羊。人工哺乳羔羊没有出现生长停滞现象。2.两处理组代乳料的氨基酸平衡不如奶粉。17～22日龄羔羊对处理大豆代乳料各养分的消化率低于奶粉。3.刚开始用代乳料或奶粉人工哺育时各组羔羊都会发生腹泻,22日龄之后除膨化大豆组两只羔羊出现腹泻外,其它组羔羊均无腹泻现象出现。     

Fattening performance and feed source preference of native Awassi lambs fed individually in a cafeteria feeding system

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cafeteria (CF) and conventional (CN) feeding systems on feed intake, feed preferences with respect to voluntary feed source intake, feed conversion rate (FCR) and fattening performance of native Awassi lambs. Sixteen, 3 month old male lambs were used and kept individually for 70 days. Lambs in CF (n = 8) were offered to consume the main ingredients of barley, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SFM) and alfalfa straw, separately, while lambs in CN (n = 8) were fed with a concentrate feed containing 11.34 MJ/kg ME, 17.53% crude protein with the mixture of the same feed sources and alfalfa straw. The initial and final live weights of lambs were similar among groups (P > 0.05). Daily voluntary intake of ash, fat and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) consumptions among groups were quite different during the experiment (P < 0.001). Neither biweekly nor total results of voluntary protein intake between groups were not found statistically significant (P > 0.05). From beginning to the end of the study, the proportional barley intake increased 34 to 43% but reduced for SBM intake from 37 to 23% for the lambs in CF. On the other hand, the SFM intake of lambs did not changed significantly during the experiment and ranged between 2–5%. Lambs in CF did not consume SFM to meet their protein requirement and had 12.5% better total FCR result than the lambs in CN (6.86 and 7.84, respectively) (P > 0.05). The difference of average DWG, total live weight gain, final live weight of lambs in groups were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Awassi lambs in CF can select a diet matching their nutritional requirements from a group of feed sources in response to their growth period when compared to CN system and better FCR result might help to decrease the feed expenses for fattening of native Awassi lambs.     

真丝Outlast交织物调温性能的研究

Outlast纤维是一种具有自动调温功能的智能纤维。研究了粘胶型Outlast纤维与真丝不同组分比交织物的调温性能,以及染整加工对织物的调温性能影响。结果表明:当粘胶型Outlast纤维与真丝的组分比为57∶43时,织物具有良好的调温性能,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试其热焓为5.41 J/g;染整加工使织物的调温性能有所下降,精练后织物的热焓下降到5.17 J/g,染色后织物的热焓进一步下降到3.94 J/g;采用相变微胶囊对染色后的织物进行整理,可使其热焓上升到7.71 J/g,扫描电镜(SEM)下显示相变微胶囊附着于织物表面。     

Effects of a topical anaesthetic formulation and systemic carprofen, given singly or in combination, on the cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to castration

Objective   To determine the effectiveness of a topical anaesthetic formulation (Tri-Solfen) with or without the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen) on the pain and distress response associated with ring or surgical castration of ram lambs.
Procedures   Merino ram lambs (n = 78) were allocated to 10 treatment groups: 4 groups of knife-castrated lambs and 4 groups of ring-castrated lambs received carprofen (4 mg/kg SC) and Tri-Solfen; 2 control groups (sham) received carprofen at 0 or 4 mg/kg SC. Measurements included plasma cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations, haematology, and behaviour, including posture.
Results   Knife-castrated lambs had higher peak cortisol and integrated cortisol responses for the first 6 h after treatment and greater concentration s of circulating acute phase proteins than ring-castrated lambs, both of which were significantly different from the sham controls. Tri-Solfen applied to the knife castration wound significantly reduced both the peak plasma cortisol concentration and the integrated cortisol response for the first 6 h and improved lying behaviour in the first 12 h. Carprofen reduced the cortisol response to knife castration at 30 min, but elevated the cortisol responses at 24 and 48 h. Carprofen nearly halved the number of acute pain behaviours associated with ring castration. There were no significant additive or synergistic effects from combining the analgesic treatments. Tri-Solfen applied to the tail wound provided no detectible benefits during ring castration + tail docking.
Conclusions   The physiological and behavioural responses suggest that ring castration has less impact on the lamb than knife castration. The specific analgesic treatments can provide modest amelioration of the pain and discomfort associated with castration. Alternative doses or application methods may enhance their efficacy.     

软木地板生产工艺研究

通过对软木地板生产中的粉碎分选、施胶搅拌、热压、剖层和表面涂饰等关键工序的分析,总结出软木地板生产关键技术,并对软木工业发展提出了一些建议,旨在为软木设备选型、技术研究与开发提供参考。     

检测肥育猪CAST蛋白的免疫印迹方法研究

为了研究3个不同蛋白质水平(10%、18%、26%)饲粮对肥育猪的钙蛋白抑制蛋白酶(CAST)的影响,对CAST蛋白提取、电泳、转膜等条件进行优化。试验表明:CAST被激活的条件是将蛋白提取液于上样缓冲液95℃煮15min后,立即在冰块上冷却,防止蛋白降解;采用分离胶浓度为10%进行电泳,可以明显检测到68kD、107 kD的CAST;采用预染Marker和DAB染色液可针对性地检测到目的蛋白的位置;利用上述程序检测到了猪CAST两种类型的表达,取得了较满意的结果。     

妊娠后期胎儿宫内生长受限对出生后羔羊内脏器官的影响

【目的】研究妊娠后期胎儿宫内生长受限对出生后羔羊内脏器官的影响。【方法】选择健康的蒙古绵    羊45只（经同期发情且同期受孕）,妊娠（90±1） d分为自由采食组（CG）、0.33 MJ ME•kgw-0.75•d-1（RG1）以及0.175 MJ ME•kgw-0.75•d-1（RG2）3个营养水平处理组,进行不同营养水平的限饲饲养。各组分别于羔羊初生及28周龄时选择4只屠宰,取出内脏。【结果】妊娠后期不同营养水平限饲母羊,严重限制了RG1（P＜0.05）、RG2（P＜0.01）组羔羊的平均初生体重：①初生时,RG1组羔羊仅肺脏重和肺脏组织总DNA含量显著低于CG组（P＜0.05）,脾脏重及脾脏组织总DNA含量极显著低于CG组（P＜0.01）;而 RG2组羔羊肺脏和脾脏均显著低于CG组（P＜0.01）,心脏、肝脏、肾脏、总胃及小肠重均显著低于CG组（P＜0.05）;其中,心脏和肾脏总DNA含量、肺脏总DNA含量和蛋白与DNA含量比、肝脏组织蛋白和DNA含量比均显著低于CG组（P＜0.05）。②28周龄时,RG1组胎儿期生长受限的肺脏、脾脏重及其总DNA含量与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05）;除心脏外,RG2组胎儿期生长受限的肝脏、肺脏及脾脏重出生后经过28周的生长与CG组差异不显著（P＞0.05）;RG2组胎儿期降低的肾脏、脾脏细胞总DNA含量,肝脏细胞蛋白和DNA比,在试验结束羔羊28周龄时与CG组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,并且肺脏细胞蛋白和DNA比显著高于CG组（P＜0.05）,而心脏和肺脏组织总DNA含量仍显著低于CG组（P＜0.05）。【结论】妊娠后期胎儿宫内生长受限通过对其胎儿内脏器官细胞增殖与增肥不同程度的影响而改变了出生后羔羊内脏器官的生长发育轨迹。     

日粮中添加红花油对生长育肥猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

研究日粮中添加不同水平的红花油对生长育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响．日粮中添加红花油水平分别为0,0．4％,0．6％,0．8％和1％．结果表明：添加红花油的各试验组的平均日增重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等消化率显著提高（P〈0．05）,饲料利用率得到改善;各试验组猪的屠宰率和瘦肉率显著高于试验组1,眼肌面积、脂肪酸含量也比试验组1得到提高,降低了胆固醇含量,改善了猪肉品质．