营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液中生长相关激素的影响

试验研究不同能氮水平的营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液生长相关的激素影响。选用内蒙古草原上健康的、平均体重15 kg左右的蒙古羔羊64只,随机分为对照组(CG)、限制1组(RG1)和限制2组(RG2)三个组,营养限制期(60 d)分别饲喂ME 10.88 MJ/kg、CP 13.0%(CG),ME10.88 MJ/kg、CP 8.9%(RG1),ME 8.62 MJ/kg、CP 5.7%(RG2)三个营养水平的日粮;营养补偿期(90 d)各组饲喂同一能氮水平饲粮(ME 9.75 MJ/kg,CP 12%)。结果表明:①随着营养水平的逐步降低,在限制末期,RG1组和RG2组羔羊的平均体重显著低于CG组(P<0.05),在补偿期,RG2组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。②在限制末期RG2组血液中GHRH及RG1、RG2组血液中GH浓度显著高于CG组(P<0.05),而RG2组血液中SS、IGF-I浓度显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。在补偿期,RG1、RG2组血液中IGF-I浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,营养限制所导致的羔羊血液中GHRH浓度升高和SS浓度降低可能是其在限制期血液中GH浓度升高及其在补偿期快速生长的原因之一。     

Regulation by gonadal steroids of estrogen and progesterone receptors along the reproductive tract in female lambs.

The regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR) expression by estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the oviduct, uterus and cervix of female lambs was studied. The animals received three intramuscular injections of E2, P4 or vehicle with an interval of 24 h and they were slaugthered 24 h after the third injection. Determinations of ER and PR were performed by binding assays and mRNAs of ER alpha and PR by solution hybridization. High levels of ER and PR in both cervix and oviduct were found in the female lamb, differing from other mammalian species. No significant effects by either E2 or P4 treatment on ER and PR levels in the cervix and oviduct could be observed. E2 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR more than 3-fold in the cervix, while P4 treatment increased the mRNA levels of ERa and PR in the uterus. The results show differential effects of gonadal steroids on sex steroid receptor expression along the reproductive tract in female lambs, suggesting that steroid target tissues can modulate responses to the same circulating levels of steroid hormones.     

杂交肉牛不同年龄,营养水平的肥育效果研究

利用利木赞与本地牛杂交一代7～8月龄公犊12头，10～11月龄公牛12头，供给日增重0．9千克，1．2千克和1．5千克营养水平的日粮，经120天肥育，结果表明：7～8月龄和10～11月龄高营养水平组平均日增重分别为1．274±0．06千克和1．340±0．15千克；7～8月龄组对不同营养水平敏感，各组间差异极显著（P＜0．01）；产肉性能以高营养水平组最好，屠宰率62．4％，净肉率52．98％，眼肌面积91平方厘米。     

不同体重商品猪胴体性能肉质性状及其相关程度研究

研究测定了92～109 kg体重阶段31头杂交商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性，以分析商品猪胴体、肌肉品质随体重的变化规律及其相关程度，为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明，商品猪在92～95 kg阶段屠宰瘦肉率最高为61.17％，分别比其它3组提高4.83％（P>0.05）、11.83％（P<0.05）和8.84％（P<0.05）；在107～109 kg阶段屠宰肉品质〖JP2〗优良，肌肉pH 6.07，肉色和大理石纹评分较高分别为3.13和 3.33，肌内脂肪含量较高为3.89％，肌肉失水率较低为18.91％。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱，相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关，相反性状间有较强的负相关。综合分析试验结果认为，注重产肉量强调胴体瘦肉率时可选择在92～95 kg阶段屠宰；注重肉品质时可选择107～109 kg阶段屠宰；若二者兼顾则选择95~98 kg阶段屠宰较为合适。     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响

为研究日粮中添加外源性纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响,选取20日龄30只健康的波尔山羊羔羊,分为对照(组不添加酶制剂)和试验组(添加纤维素复合酶-格林酶,0.2%)。分别在羔羊的2、3月龄和4月龄进行体重和体尺的测量。结果表明:纤维素酶对羔羊在各月龄体尺及体尺指数有提高的趋势,但影响不显著(P>0.05),而纤维素酶明显提高了整个试验期羔羊的体重和日增重,并且在3月龄时达到极显著(P<0.01)。     

The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.     

添加烟酸铬对生长肥育猪的生长性能、代谢及组织学的影响

将选用的 12 0头杜长大杂交生长肥育猪随机分成 4组 ,3组为实验组 ,1组为对照组 .在实验组的日粮中添加 2 0 0、50 0、10 0 0 μg· kg-1烟酸铬 (以 Cr元素计 )进行为期 2个月的试验 .结果表明 :( 1)试验组日增重比对照组分别提高 11.7%、11.1%和 12 .5% ;料重比分别提高 5.5%、5.6%和 4 .2 % .( 2 )添加 Cr对血清中 K+、Na+、Cl-、总蛋白、白蛋白、脂蛋白及血红蛋白无影响 ( P>0 .0 5) ;血清中 Ca2 +、PO3-4 、尿素氮、尿酸、甘油三酯、胆固醇和血糖含量显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ;血清碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶含量明显升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;磷酸肌酸激酶含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ;而乳酸脱氢酶无明显改变 ( P>0 .0 5) .( 3) Cr含量均未超过国家限量标准 .( 4 )未发现器官的组织结构和细胞形态有何改变 .由此可见 ,在生长肥育猪中添加一定量烟酸铬制剂对猪有积极正面效应     

山区羊舍“圈中圈”设计及应用效果

为探索山区羔羊保育技术,提高羔羊成活率和增重效果,笔者通过改进圈舍设计,加强饲养管理,开展了"圈中圈"羔羊保育应用效果观察试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊的断奶(120d)成活率为97.78%,比对照组的断奶成活率(68.89%)提高了41.94%;试验组羔羊的日增重为96.2 g,比对照组(71g)提高了35.49%,效果显著。     

持续高温应激对肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状、背最长肌营养物质含量及肌纤维特性的影响

本试验旨在研究持续30℃的环境高温应激对肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状、背最长肌质构分析、营养物质含量及肌纤维特性的影响.试验选取8窝共24头体重为(79.0±1.5) kg的“杜长大”三元阉公猪,其中每3头来自同一窝的猪只随机分到3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头,3组分别为对照组(22℃适温+自由采食)、高温应激组(30℃高温+自由采食)和采食量配对组(22℃适温+采食量配对),试验期21d.结果表明:1)持续高温应激显著降低肥育猪平均日增重(ADG) (P＜0.05),极显著降低肥育猪平均日采食量(ADFI) (P＜0.01).2)3组之间的肥育猪胴体重、胴体长、平均背膘厚和皮厚均差异不显著(P＞0.05),高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌大理石花纹评分在宰后24 h有低于对照组的趋势(P＜0.10).3)高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌的剪切力极显著高于对照组和采食量配对组(P＜0.01).与采食量配对组相比,高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌胶黏性和硬度有降低的趋势(P＜0.10).4)高温应激组和采食量配对组肥育猪背最长肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且2组的背最长肌肌内脂肪(IMF)含量极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).5)高温应激组肥育猪背最长肌Ⅰ型肌纤维含量有低于采食量配对组的趋势(P＜0.10),采食量配对组的Ⅱx型肌纤维含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).由此可见,肥育后期高温应激会改变猪表观肉品质和肌肉营养物质含量.     

土样盒土表特征对近红外光谱测量土壤水分精度的影响

为了现场快速准确地检测土壤水肥状况,实现精细农业的目标。利用近红外光谱反射法测量土壤水分,了解土壤表面特征对测试结果的影响规律,是能否有效提高测量精度的关键,对快速测量大田的养分含量,实现精确定量管理也有重要的现实意义。该研究用近红外光谱技术测量了6个不同土样的土壤含水率,经回归分析发现：与直尺刮平相比,盒土表面筛控刮平处理的土样,其土壤含水率与光谱的相对吸收率之间有更好的相关性;不同类型的土样对光谱的相对吸收率是：中壤土＞重壤土＞轻壤土;在相同的表面处理条件下,粒径0.5≤d≤1 mm的土样,其含水率与光谱相对吸收率之间的相关性均较高。研究表明,土样表面均匀连续是测量精度提高的主要原因;而裂纹和划痕是影响测量精度的重要因素。