玉米粉碎粒度对育肥猪颗粒饲料加工质量及猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究同一配方下,玉米不同粉碎粒度对颗粒饲料加工质量和育肥猪生长性能的影响。选用1.5/2.0、2.0/2.0、2.0/2.5、2.5/2.5、2.5/3.0和3.0/3.0 mm孔径的筛片对玉米进行粉碎,分别得到几何平均粒径为303.91、346.08、356.81、358.51、373.29和387.70μm的玉米原料,采用同一配方和相同的加工参数(其他原料粉碎筛片孔径2.0 mm,制粒调质温度80℃、模孔直径3.0 mm、长径比9∶1)加工成含不同粉碎粒度玉米的饲粮。选取108头平均体重为(62.68±5.59)kg的"杜×长×大"杂交猪,随机置于6个组(每个组3个重复,每个重复6头猪,公母各占1/2),分别饲喂含不同粉碎粒度玉米的饲粮,试验周期为8周。结果表明:随着筛片孔径的增大,粉碎能耗从9.02 k W·h/t降低到6.86 k W·h/t,制粒能耗从19.06 k W·h/t升高到22.30 k W·h/t;粗蛋白质体外消化率随玉米粉碎粒度的增加呈现上升的趋势,其中2.5/2.5 mm组最高,且显著高于1.5/2.0 mm组(P0.05);颗粒硬度2.5/3.0、3.0/3.0 mm组显著高于其他组(P0.05);随粉碎粒度的增加饲粮干物质表观消化率降低,其中1.5/2.0和3.0/3.0 mm组分别为84.43%和80.62%,后者比前者降低了4.5%,且差异显著(P0.05);随玉米粉碎粒度的增加饲粮粗蛋白质表观消化率整体呈现下降的趋势,且1.5/2.0 mm组粗蛋白质表观消化率为86.14%,与其他各组差异显著(P0.05);各组平均日增重和料重比均无显著性差异(P0.05),2.5/2.5 mm组平均日采食量最高,但与各组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。根据本试验结果,建议育肥猪饲粮玉米粉碎粒度采用2.5/2.5 mm筛片孔径。     

Effects of dietary ramie powder at various levels on growth performance,antioxidative capacity and fatty acid profile of finishing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ramie (Boehmeria nivea, previously known as a fibre crop and also called “China grass”) included in diets on growth performance, antioxidative capacity and muscular fatty acid profile of finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs (initial body weight =70.71 ± 1.21 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of ramie powder during a 50‐day experiment period. The results showed that the inclusion of ramie increased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) with the highest value of ADG and G:F in 3% ramie group, but ramie content in the diet up to 9% reduced the growth performance of the pigs compared with that of 3% ramie group. The activity of serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased (linear, p < 0.05) by ramie, while content of malondialdehyde was decreased (linear, p < 0.05). As increasing the dietary ramie level, the mRNA expression level of SOD1 was increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in muscle tissues. Moreover, the addition of ramie linearly increased (p < 0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids content, whereas it linearly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipid indices of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) in muscle tissues, and lower values of AI and TI reflect a “healthier” fat composition. The results indicated that ramie in a diet not more than 9% may improve antioxidative capacity with no detrimental impact on growth performance of Chinese native finishing pigs; meanwhile, it could beneficially change the pork fatty acid pattern which has a positive impact on consumer's health.     

The effect of dietary yeast and protected methionine on performance and trace minerals status of growing Awassi lambs

Eighteen growing Awassi lambs were used in this study to determine the effect of supplementing two levels of yeast and methionine (cyc-methionine) on the trace elements bioavailability, growth rate, and general performance. The lambs were divided to three groups. The dietary treatments were the control diet (C), control diet plus 2 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T₁) and control diet plus 4 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T₂).

Lambs fed 2 g/day of cyc-methionine (T₁) showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) copper, zinc, and cobalt concentrations in liver and meat tissues, but not the same trend in kidney. No significant (P > 0.05) effect of time and time × treatment interaction on copper, zinc, cobalt, and manganese concentrations in blood serum, but cobalt and manganese concentration showed significant (P < 0.05) change by time. Moreover, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total body gain, average daily gain, dressing percentage, and lower feed conversion were detected in lambs from T₁ compared with the control and T₂ groups.

Feeding 2 g of cyc-methionine to growing lambs increased the net profit by $6.017/lamb and only $3.52/lamb fed 4 g cyc-methionine/day when compared with the control group.

In conclusion, feeding growing Awassi lambs yeast and methionine in a form of cyc-methionine, with a low level of 2 g/day, improve the bioavailability of copper, zinc, and cobalt by growing lambs and their growth performance.     

杜泊羊和巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交后代肉品质分析研究

为了评价杜泊羊与巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交后代的肉品质,以杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊和新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市当地绵羊羔羊为研究对象,采用常规方法测定2种羔羊肌肉组织的理化指标、营养成分含量以及矿物质含量,利用统计学方法比较二者相关指标的差异。结果表明,杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉组织的pH_{45 min}值和熟肉率显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）,剪切力和失水率显著低于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）;杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉中的粗灰分含量显著低于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）;杂交F₁代羔羊肌肉中的铁含量极显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.01）,且铜、锰、镁、钙、锌含量均显著高于当地绵羊羔羊（P<0.05）。综上表明,杜泊羊×巴彦淖尔多胎羊杂交F₁代羔羊的肉品质优于当地绵羊羔羊。     

Carcass traits,meat quality,antioxidant status and antioxidant gene expression in muscle and liver of Hu lambs fed perilla seed

The effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) seed on carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and antioxidant gene expression in the liver and muscle of Hu lambs were investigated in this study. Sixty Hu lambs (23.02 ± 1.36 kg) were randomly divided into four experimental groups receiving diets containing 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% perilla seed (CD, 5%PFSD, 10%PFSD and 15%PFSD, respectively). The addition of perilla seed had no significant impacts on carcass traits (p > .05). There were no differences in pH, meat colour, drip loss, cooking loss or shear force among the four treatments (p > .05). Addition of perilla seed increased (p < .05) deposition of intramuscular lipids but had no effect on other chemical components in the longissimus dorsi (LD) (p > .05). The 15%PFSD diet decreased the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver (p < .05 for both) but increased the activity of these antioxidant enzymes in LD (p < .05 for both). Compared to CD, addition of perilla seed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression in the liver and LD (p < .05 for all). These results indicate that perilla seed supplementation in lambs’ diets can increase deposition of intramuscular lipids and improve muscular oxidative status and meat quality.     

Effects of rearing system on meat quality,fatty acid and amino acid profiles of Hu lambs

To determine the effects of early rearing system on meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, 48 Hu lambs were selected and randomly divided into four treatments: control lambs were ewe‐reared from birth to 60 days of age (ER), while treatment lambs were segregated from their dams at 10, 20 and 30 days of age, then artificially reared with milk replacer until 60 days of age (EW10, EW20 and EW30, respectively). All lambs had no access to the milk replacer or their dams from 61 to 90 days. Creep feed was supplied ad libitum to all lambs from 15 to 90 days of age. Artificially reared lambs (EW10, EW20 and EW30) had higher (p < .05) creep feed intake, average daily gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, meat ether extract content, bright meat color (lightness and yellowness) than ewe‐reared lambs. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were greater (p < .05) than that in ER, whereas the proportions of saturated fatty acids in EW10 and EW20 were lower than that in ER (p < .05). The percentages of C18:0, C18:2, C18:3 and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of artificially reared lambs were greater than ewe‐reared lambs (p < .05). The meat proportions of leucine, alanine and proline were higher (p < .05) in artificially reared lambs than ewe‐reared ones. Finally, the artificially reared system increased meat production and changed the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of meat, and it would be appropriate to rear Hu lambs artificially from 10 days with milk replacer.     

沂河入骆马湖河口防洪治理方案研究

河口的防洪治理，一直是个难题，针对沂河入骆马湖段存在的突出问题，通过治理措施的不断探索和研究，提出河口防洪治理的新途径，采取开挖中泓，整滩灭苇，以耕代清，填洼固堤等综合治理方案，治理效果显著，并提出了进一步治理的设想。     

家具表面涂饰及其对产品质量和环境的影响

通过对我国家具的发展沿革和木质材料表面涂饰工艺及应用材料的论述,阐明了我国家具市场还有很大的发展空间;特别是在工艺流程和漆面涂饰上只要严把每一环节的质量、材料、环保、技工关,我国家具就能成为世界的家具强国。     

生长激素对猪生长、胴体组成及肉质的影响

选用体重６４ ｋｇ 左右的大大二三元杂种猪１８ 头， 随机分为２ 组， 试验组和对照组各９ 头。试验组每头每天肌肉注射猪生长激素（ｐＳＴ）５ ｍｇ ，共１４ ｄ， 对照组肌注生理盐水。饲养结束时进行屠宰测定， 取背最长肌进行肉质分析。结果表明： ｐＳＴ 处理组平均日增重显著高于对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０５） ， 料重比下降２１－６８ ％ ， 胴体重提高２－６２ ％ ， 三点膘厚下降７－７８ ％ ， 肝重提高１４－８６％ ， 心重提高１８－０７ ％ ， 肌肉失水率提高１２－６８ ％ ，切割力提高１－６８ ％ ， 大理石纹提高１５－０９ ％ ， 但差异均不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ０－０５） 。ｐＳＴ 对其它指标均无显著影响     

葡萄籽原花青素对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(GSPs)对高精料育肥羔羊免疫功能的影响。试验选取48只4月龄、体重[(22.75±1.20)kg]相近的杜寒杂交一代公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。各组分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、10(10GSPs组)、20(20GSPs组)、40 mg/(kg BW·d)(40GSPs组)的GSPs。预试期15 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)正试期第30天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD4^+T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。正试期第45天,20GSPs和40GSPs组外周血中CD8^+T细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4^+T细胞比例及CD4^+/CD8^+比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,外周血淋巴细胞转化率线性升高(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率线性降低(P<0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组的外周血淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量有线性升高的趋势(P=0.057),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量有线性降低的趋势(P=0.074),但各组间血清IL-2、IL-6含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。20GSPs和40GSPs组血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着GSPs添加水平的增加,血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量线性增加(P<0.05);20GSPs组血清IgG含量显著高于10GSPs和对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,高精料饲粮条件下添加适量的GSPs可以改善羔羊的免疫功能,本试验条件下GSPs的适宜添加水平为20 mg/(kg BW·d)。