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81.
以树龄 10 年的“贵长”猕猴桃为供试材料,研究用不同肥料(常规用肥、专用肥、生物肥、生物肥 专用肥)作为猕猴桃壮果肥施用对果实品质、产量及贮藏性能的影响。结果表明,4 种追肥处理对猕猴桃的产量和果实品质有不同程度的提高和改善,其中0.25 kg 生物肥 1.0 kg 专用肥能显著地增加猕猴桃的单果体积、单果质量、产量和提高维生素 C、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖的含量,改善猕猴桃后熟的贮藏性能,对糖酸比和果形指数也有改善作用,猕猴桃专用肥效果次之。用0.25 kg 生物肥 1.0 kg 专用肥作为猕猴桃壮果肥施用综合效果较为理想,可在猕猴桃实际生产中推广使用。 相似文献
82.
早实核桃幼树施肥效果研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
试验设置N、P、B 3种肥料9种不同施肥处理,研究不同施肥处理对早实核桃产量和对不同枝类的单枝结果量和产量比例的影响。结果表明:N、P、B 3种肥料的不同配比对核桃产量有很大的影响,P肥是影响干果重和核仁重的主要肥料,低水平的P肥处理的干果重和核仁重都明显低于其他处理;P、B肥是影响长、中、短结果枝产量比例的主要肥料。施肥处理8(N3P3B2K)的肥料配比效果最好。 相似文献
83.
为了明确不同施肥量(复合肥)和种植密度对冷凉灌区马铃薯生长的影响。试验以‘冀张薯12号’为供试品种,开展施肥量与种植密度二因素试验,设3个施肥量(600、1100、1600 kg/hm2)与4个种植密度(5.25万、6万、6.75万、7.5万株/hm2),研究不同施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:增加施肥量能延缓马铃薯生育期,提高种植密度能缩短生育期;随施肥量增大,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值均显著增大;随种植密度增加,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值与产量均表现为先增后减趋势,施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯株高、SPAD值与产量的影响顺序为施肥量>密度;随施肥量和群体种植密度的增加,马铃薯大薯产量、大薯数、产量、水分利用效率均呈先增后减的变化趋势,产量要素之间呈极显著正相关关系,其中,以处理F2D3的马铃薯产量与水分利用效率最大。通过二元二次回归分析表明,当施肥量达到1065.366 kg/hm2,种植密度达到6.7... 相似文献
84.
不同施肥模式下的稻-克氏原螯虾田块水体菌群初探 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
为研究不同施肥模式对稻田养殖克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)田块水体细菌的影响,通过采用Illumina高通量测序技术针对施用化肥(CF)、有机肥(OF)和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪(OM)等3种施肥模式的水体细菌进行检测。高通量测序结果显示在3种不同施肥模式下的稻田中主要细菌门类均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。主要优势菌属为Sporichthyaceae hgcl_clade、Limnohabitans、Polynucleobacter、Alpinimonas、Comamonadacea和Hydrogenophaga。在3种模式中,施用有机肥的田块细菌丰度显著高于施用化肥和有机肥加腐熟鸡粪的田块,细菌物种多样性显著高于施用有机肥加腐熟鸡粪田块,与施用化肥田块差异不显著。结果表明在施用有机肥模式下,水体微生物具有更好的多样性,生态系统更加稳定。有机肥与腐熟鸡粪配施虽然会降低水体细菌的物种多样性,但是腐熟鸡粪与有机肥配施会大大降低蓝藻细菌的丰度。聚类分析结果显示有机肥组与有机肥加腐熟鸡粪组水体细菌群落相似度更高。对稻田水体细菌与水体理化因子关联分析发现,对水体细菌影响最主要的环境因子是溶氧、总氮、pH和总磷。研究结果为不同施肥处理对稻田水体生态环境的影响以及为稻田综合种养施肥模式优化提供理论依据。 相似文献
85.
本文对适应农业区域产业发展产教融合课堂教学改革进行了一定的研究,希望可以为“产教
结合、校企一体”的发展之路提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
86.
Fagner Junior Gomes Bruno Carneiro Pedreira Patrícia Menezes Santos Cristiam Bosi Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(3):279-290
In silvopastoral (SP) systems, forage responses depend on the microenvironment in which the plants develop. Our objective was to evaluate canopy and tillering characteristics of shaded 'Marandu' palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst A Rich) Stapf, syn. Urochloa brizantha] under continuous stocking in a SP system. Treatments were one full sun (FS) and three shaded systems (silvopasture, SP) corresponding to distances from tree groves: 7.5 m north (SP1), and 15 m (SP2) and 7.5 m south (SP3) studied during two rainy seasons (Year 1 and Year 2). The tree in the SP system was Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). The photosynthetic active radiation was greater in FS (923 μmol m-2 s-1), followed by SP2 (811 μmol m-2 s-1), SP1 (727 μmol m-2 s-1) and SP3 (673 μmol m-2 s-1). Forage accumulation in FS was 15% greater than the mean of SP1, SP2 and SP3 (10,663 kg DM/ha). There was no difference in net accumulation of leaf, stem and dead material, averaging 3,302, 3,420 and 4,063 kg DM/ha respectively. Leaf accumulation and accumulation rate were greater in Year 2, and leaf accumulation rate was similar among treatments (19 kg DM ha−1 day−1). Leaf proportion increased 14% from Year 1 to Year 2. Specific leaf area was greater for treatments SP1 and SP3 (193 cm2/g). Tiller population density was similar across treatments in Year 1. Shaded palisadegrass maintains leaf productivity similar to FS under continuous stocking in an SP system. 相似文献
87.
One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton 下载免费PDF全文
LUO Hong-hai WANG Qiang ZHANG Jie-kun WANG Lei-shan LI Ya-bing YANG Guo-zheng 《农业科学学报》2020,19(2):509-517
Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed. 相似文献
88.
WANG Qi-qi LIU Ling-ling LI Yu QIN Song WANG Chuan-jie CAI An-dong WU Lei XU Ming-gang ZHANG Wen-ju 《农业科学学报》2020,19(5):1354-1362
Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling. Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes. However, less is known about the effects of longterm fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies. Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere(NR) and rhizosphere(R). Six treatments were included: no fertilizer(CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer(N), N with potassium(NK), phosphorus with K(PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure(MNPK). The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization(N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G~– bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR(by 33 and 23%) and R(by 15 and 20%), respectively. In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments(N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G~+/G~–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R. Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively. However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH(31%). We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem. Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization. 相似文献
89.
配方施肥改善米老排容器苗生长指标 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为筛选米老排容器苗最佳施肥组合,采用L16 (4 5)正交试验设计和等量施肥法,研究N、P和K肥3因素对米老排容器苗苗高、地径、生物量以及养分利用的影响。研究结果表明:不同施肥组合处理对米老排容器苗苗高、地径、总生物量等指标均有着显著影响,配方施肥对米老排容器苗的生长发育具有明显促进作用;3种肥料对米老排容器苗苗高生长的影响效应均是N>P>K,其施肥最优组合是N1P3K2(每株施N、P和K分别为50、50、60 mg),对地径生长和生物量积累影响效应均为N>K>P,施肥最优组合分别是N1P4K2(每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、60 mg)和N1P4K1(每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、45 mg);合理的配方施肥能有效提高米老排苗木的养分利用效率。综合苗木各指标看,米老排容器苗最优施肥配方是:N1P4K1(每株施N、P和K分别为50、60、45 mg)。 相似文献
90.