女性管理者职业发展障碍问题探讨——对福建省的调查与思考

对福建省女性管理者的问卷调查显示，女性管理者在职业发展上仍受到限制与约束，社会性别偏见、传统社会职能负累、制度保障的缺位、多重角色冲突等是造成女性管理者职业发展障碍的主要原因。促进女性管理者的职业发展，既要实施有利的制度保障、营造宽容的社会环境，女性自身也应当积极提升综合素质，利用正面禀赋发挥女性管理优势。     

耕作制度对稻田土壤有机碳季节变化的影响 —以海南省定安县为例

为了解耕作制度对稻田土壤有机碳时间变化的影响,选择了海南省定安县4种不同耕作制度下的稻田(一熟制、二熟制、三熟制和撂荒地)为研究对象,对比分析其表层土壤在2019年冬季(1月)、春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(10月)的有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量差异.结果表明,研究区稻田土壤有机碳含量在四个季节都表现为二、三熟制高,一熟制和撂荒地低,且在春季和夏季差异较大,夏季差异最为显著.各耕作制度下稻田土壤有机碳含量年内变化不明显.研究区不同耕作制度下稻田土壤易氧化有机碳含量都在春季时最高,一熟制和二熟制稻田土壤易氧化有机碳含量在土壤总有机碳中的占比年内变化明显,三熟制和撂荒地易氧化有机碳占比则较稳定.研究区稻田土壤有机碳和易氧化有机碳总体呈正相关关系,但由于耕作制度的不同使得其在不同季度两者之间的相关性存在一定差异.可见稻田耕作制度对土壤有机碳的累积和固定有一定影响.     

福州女性旅游决策行为的实证分析

采用问卷调查的方法,运用统计软件分析了福州女性居民的出游动机、信息渠道、出游偏好、出游方式、出游时长、游伴选择等,以及旅游决策行为影响因素等,总结了福州市女性居民旅游行为特征,并在此基础上提出福州市女性旅游市场的开发建议。     

安徽省女性休闲体育现状研究——以合肥市为例

随着社会经济发展和科技进步,休闲体育对增进健康、丰富生活、加强人际关系、加快精神文明建设有重要作用和意义。安徽省女性休闲体育发展受到场地设施条件、传统体育价值观念、消费观念和水平、传统社会性别思想等因素的制约。应从城乡场地器材等公益品投入、提升女性自身素养、更新传统体育观念、加强对社会体育指导员等资源的优化、完善体育公共服务体系等方面建设安徽省女性休闲体育。     

东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析

对组培条件下秋水仙素诱变的东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代进行了RAPD分析.结果表明：东方百合四倍体诱导过程中,少数植株除了染色体数目加倍以外,还存在DNA序列的改变;2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析表现出丰富的遗传多样性,少数植株RAPD分析差异巨大,特别是T8无性后代存在较大的性状差异,个别植株经RAPD分析与其他单株存在较大的差异.     

不同饥饿程度的异色瓢虫成虫对烟蚜的捕食作用

试验研究不同饥饿程度的异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫对烟蚜的捕食作用。结果表明,不同饥饿程度的异色瓢虫雌成虫对烟蚜捕食作用的功能均Holling Ⅱ型反应模型;异色瓢虫雌成虫在各种饥饿条件下24h内对烟蚜的捕食量差异不显著;雌成虫捕食量大于雄成虫,且饥饿时间愈长,烟蚜密度愈大,两者的差异愈显著;异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫间在24h内的捕食速度（V）差异不显著,且与时间段(x)关系的模型分别为V＝5．8619x^-8087和V＝4.8583x^－0.7220;异色瓢虫雌、雄成虫对烟蚜的捕食量（Na）随着时间（t）的变化模型分别为Na=90／（1＋e^1.0886-0.1219t)和Na=90/(1 e^1.2702-0.1017t)。     

太白雏蝗雌性的记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

在甘肃省子午岭地区,采到直翅目Orthoptera雏蝗属Chorthi ppus Fieber的太白雏蝗Chorthip pus taibaieasis Zheng et al雌性.这是太白雏蝗雌性的首次发现.昆虫标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所.     

孑遗植物银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)雌雄株水分生理特征研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the difference of water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. for discussing the strategy of water utilization as well as the important role of this difference during evolution process. [Method] The stem sap flow, stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were comparatively studied. [Result] The day-night processes of flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar. The flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. in day were almost same while the flow at night on male Ginkgo biloba L. was bigger than that on female Ginkgo biloba L. The Tr and Gs of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were high in morning and at night but low at noon ,while Tr and Gs of female Ginkgo biloba L. in morning and at night were higher than these of male Ginkgo biloba L. at the same time point. However, these indexes of female plant were lower than these of male plant from 11:00 to 14:00. WUE changing trends of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar, while average water utilization rate of female Ginkgo biloba L. was slightly lower than that of male Ginkgo biloba L. [Conclusion] Compared with other companion plants, water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. had strong homoplasy. The phenomenon might be a survival strategy of dioecious plants under long term evolutionary pressure.     

商陆大小孢子的发生和雌雄配子体的形成

通过对商陆不同发育阶段花器官的解剖结构观察,结果表明：其胚珠是倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心型,次生造孢细胞发育成大孢子母细胞。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成三分体即３个大孢子,合点端的大孢子发育为胚囊,胚囊蓼型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体的列方式为四面体型,成熟花粉是２－细胞型。     

Effects of 17β-estradiol injection on the reproductive efficiency of freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

The effects of 17β-estradiol injection (10^?7mol/crayfish) in adult female Astacus leptodactylus on the reproductive efficiency (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers) were investigated. In addition, hepatosomatic index, gonodosomatic index, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels of crayfish ovary, hepatopancreas, and heamolymph before and after injections were also determined. Results showed that E2 injection to females enhances the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus. E2 injection significantly increased pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers, GSI, HSI, and concentrations of E2 in heamolymph, ovary, and hepatopancreas. However, E2 injection did not accelerate time of mating and proportion of pleopodal egg-berried females at the first week of reproduction season in this species. This study highlights that to improve the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus by using hormones to regulate the ovarian cycle, E2 should be used at least 1.5 months before the commencement of the breeding season.