Anthropogenic effects on soil quality of ancient agricultural systems of the American Southwest

Soil studies of ancient agricultural fields contribute to research on long-term human–environmental relationships and land use sustainability. This kind of research is especially applicable in desert landscapes of the American Southwest because: (1) soil formation is slow enough that cultivation effects persist for centuries to millennia; (2) many ancient fields in valley margins have remained uncultivated since they were abandoned, so long-term soil properties reflect ancient agricultural use; and (3) agricultural features (e.g., terraces, rock alignments and rock piles, and irrigation canals) provide clues for identifying and sampling ancient cultivated and uncultivated soils. Surficial remnants of these field systems persist and remain intact in many cases. Soil studies of ancient and modern American Indian agricultural systems across the Southwest indicate that soil changes are highly variable, ranging from degradation (e.g., organic matter/nutrient decline, compaction), to minimal net change, to enhanced soil quality. Soil changes caused by cultivation can be inferred by comparing soils in agricultural fields relative to reference uncultivated areas in similar landscape settings (that is, space-for-time substitution). Soil response trajectories vary for a number of reasons, such as variability in initial ecosystem conditions, diversity in agricultural methods, variability in the mix of crops and cropping intensity, and environmental sensitivity to alteration (varying resistance and resilience). Studies of rock mulch soils indicate enhanced fertility, with elevated organic carbon, nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels, increased infiltration rates and moisture retention, and no evidence of compaction. By contrast, cultivation effects vary widely for terraced soils. Although numerous studies have focused on irrigation canals, irrigated soils have received far less attention. Soil studies of irrigation systems along the Gila and Santa Cruz rivers of Arizona now underway will help fill this research gap.     

小齿锯鳐的运输及人工饲养技术

介绍了青岛海底世界于2007年2月从澳大利亚引进的小齿锯鳐的运输环节、管理及人工饲养情况。     

非洲菊切花保鲜剂的研究

本文研究由蔗糖、硝酸银、8-HQ(8-羟基喹啉)配制的不同保鲜剂对非洲菊切花插瓶寿命、水分平衡、鲜重变化及观赏值等指标的影响。结果表明：4％蔗糖 200mg／L硝酸银 200mg／L硫酸铝 320mg／L8-HQ的保鲜效果最好。     

地下水环境质量评价Fuzzy-Grey模式

基于地下水环境质量评价所具有的模糊性和灰色性特点，将模糊数学理论中的隶属函数和隶属度等概念引入灰色系统灰色局势决策中，构成地下水环境质量的Fuzzy-Grey评价模式。用该模式对地下水环境质量进行评价，结果表明，该模式具有评价信息量多、结论符合客观实际等优点。     

外源多酚添加条件下干红葡萄酒颜色和花色苷特性研究

颜色是红葡萄酒重要的感官特征和质量评价指标,花色苷是红葡萄酒呈色、稳定和营养功能的重要物质基础。既往研究极少探讨外源添加天然色素对红葡萄酒颜色质量和花色苷的影响。选取赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为研究对象,于酒精发酵前和发酵后分别添加天然色素Ⅰ和天然色素Ⅱ2种色素,并以添加黄岑苷、绿原酸和没食子酸3种多酚为对照,探究对葡萄酒颜色特征、花色苷种类与含量的影响。结果发现：在发酵前添加天然色素Ⅰ和Ⅱ使得酒体颜色加深、红色色调加强、花色苷含量增加。在发酵后添加以上多酚对葡萄酒颜色和花色苷的影响弱于发酵前添加,但添加天然色素Ⅰ仍然有利于花色苷含量的保持,只是效果弱于发酵前添加。其余多酚物质处理对供试酒样颜色品质影响较小。研究结果表明发酵前添加多酚物质更有利于红葡萄酒颜色品质的提升和稳定、花色苷含量的保持和稳定,天然色素Ⅰ是相对最优质的辅色剂。     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.     

猪生长激素(PST)脂质体代谢动力学的研究

在猪体内注射脂质体 ,研究其在体内的药物动力学 ,分析其血浆中生长激素浓度随时间的变化曲线 ,确定其释药模型为单室模型 ,求出各项动力学参数 ,结果为PST脂质体的缓释效果显著 ,缓释时间长达7天以上     

玫瑰花再制奶酪的研制

本研究充分利用云南省丰富的玫瑰资源,在再制奶酪基础上,添加含有功能活性物质的玫瑰花发酵液与玫瑰花瓣,研制出方便携带且适合国人口味的压片式再制甜奶酪。通过测定发酵玫瑰花中的活性物质,确定玫瑰花的适宜发酵时间;以感官评分为指标,筛选添加剂的合适添加量;在单因素的基础上应用响应面优化发酵工艺;通过测定产品的理化、卫生指标,评估产品质量。结果表明:当玫瑰花发酵至第6天活性物质含量较高;添加12%脱脂奶、3.5%黄油、12%白糖、2%复合磷酸盐、0.5%黄原胶时,产品的感官评分较高;经优化得到当搅拌温度为87℃、玫瑰花发酵液添加量为20%、发酵玫瑰花添加量为6.5%时,产品感官评分较高(80.84分),与预测值接近;理化和微生物指标检测结果显示,本产品的脂肪、水分含量及酵母菌和霉菌数、菌落总数、大肠菌群数均符合标准。     

日本对虾的实验室养殖研究

我们曾将发病残存的日本对虾继续养殖作为亲虾,进行夏季高温育苗,所得到的虾苗在实验室里桶养,证明在人工饲养条件下它们是可成活和生长的,本实验还提示,若能解决水质净化问题,日本对虾甚至有可能移至内陆养殖。