青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛效果研究

[目的]饲喂青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆对肉牛增重的效果研究,选择11月龄、体重280Kg 的西门塔尔公牛20头进行饲喂效果对比试验。[结果]显示：对照组、试验组平均每头日增重为0.98 kg、1.45 kg。试验组比对照组平均日多增重0.47 kg,提高47.96%;净收益每头每天比对照组多9.78元。[结论]表明：青贮甜高粱饲喂育肥肉牛增重效果明显,经济效益较好。     

断乳牦牛犊的育肥试验及其生长发育情况的研究

[目的]为了探索在育肥条件下高寒牧区牦牛犊的生长发育情况,促使牦牛犊商品化,实施牦牛高效饲养技术与适时出栏技术相结合,改变本地区传统饲养模式,促进牦牛业向效益型畜牧业转变,为今后普及牦牛犊舍饲育肥,提供可靠数据和标准化饲养管理技术。[方法]于2012年12月~2013年5月,在贵南县开展了断乳牦牛犊舍饲育肥及生长发育效果观测试验。[结果]显示育肥牦牛犊的体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重分别达到了86.19cm、94.07cm、113.50cm、12.10cm、91.63kg与对照组相比差异均显著(P0.05)。[结论]对断乳牦牛犊进行舍饲育肥是牧区加快牦牛出栏、调整牛群结构、增加牧民收入的好方法。     

饲用微生物添加剂育肥杂种肉羊效果的试验

为比较青贮玉米秸秆添加与不添加饲用微生物添加剂的效果,进行了饲用微生物添加剂青贮玉米秸秆饲喂陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代杂种肉羊育肥效果的试验。结果表明,用饲用微生物添加剂制作青贮玉米秸秆饲喂3～6月龄杂种肉羊,全期只均日增重达230．56g,较青贮玉米秸秆对照组提高7．44％．试验组只均盈利253．5元．盈利提高29．60％,经济效益显著。饲用微生物添加剂适宜在杂种肉羊生产上推广应用。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ⅰ Gene from Goose F1 of Fast-growth Lines

According to the multiple alignments identified major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC Ⅰ) gene conserved sequence registered in GenBank from the family ducks (Anatidae) anser waterfowl, a pairs of specific primers for the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines were designed and synthesized by Primer Premier 5.0. Using the genome DNA of goose F1 from fast-growth lines, the target gene fragment was obtained by PCR. To conduct sequencing of the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines and make sequence alignment and analysis of protein structure and function by bioinformatics, and research the characteristics of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 and the physicochemical properties of the protein. Bioinformatics was analyzed the nucleic acid data, deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic trees. The result of sequence analysis showed that the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines was 1036 bp in length, which coded 96 amino acids polyprotein. The homology were 93% and 83% with MHC Ⅰ gene and coding sequence of Wulong goose in NCBI respectively. There were 72 different bases sequence and 16 amino acids change. There also was higher homology with other poultry, and existed genetic relationship of Siji goose > chickens > ducks.The homology segment sequences corresponding to the fragments of MHCⅠ gene of goose F1 coded 96 amino acids protein, which molecular weight, PI, positively or negatively charged amino acid, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and average hydrophobicity were 11.342 ku, 5.32, 14, 17, 2.8 h, 34.92, 42.81, -1.066, respectively, and appeared 9 B cell epitopes, but contained no signal peptide. These results indicated that the protein for hydrophilic non-secreted proteins, had the high immunogenicity. In addition, The protein structure study indicated that alpha-helix, beta-sheet, beta-turn and random coil were 31.25%,16.67%, 14.58% and 37.50%, respectively. There existed amino terminal domain and carboxyl terminal domain in the tertiary structure. Therefore, MHC gene had significant difference between species and populations of individuals by the pathogen pressure in environment, and there were the interaction between polymorphism of MHC molecules and the diversity of antigenic peptide. MHC determined the differences of individual susceptibility to disease, and could be treated as a candidate gene for disease resistance.     

牦牛犊牛全哺乳及育肥试验

根据月龄相近的原则选择60头牦牛犊牛进行全哺乳及育肥试验,研究全哺乳对牦牛犊牛生产发育的影响。结果表明,全哺乳不但能提高牦牛犊牛的体重,而且能提高养殖者的经济效益。     

不同季节对鹅若干生理和免疫指标的影响

为了探讨不同温度对乌鬃鹅若干生理和免疫指标的影响,寻找准确评定乌鬃鹅热耐受性的候选生理和免疫性状指标,以30周龄健康清远乌鬃鹅母鹅200只为研究对象,分别在夏季(35℃)和冬季(20℃),采集鹅只的血液样品,非抗凝血用于测定T3、皮质酮含量;抗凝血用于测定H%、L%和H/L值。结果表明:夏季乌鬃鹅血清中的皮质酮含量显著高于冬季(P0.05),T3含量极显著高于冬季(P0.01);与冬季相比,夏季乌鬃鹅的H%、H/L极显著升高(P0.01),L%极显著降低(P0.01)。皮质酮和H/L值可以作为评价鹅热耐受性的重要性状指标。     

鹅生长激素基因的克隆、原核表达及其重组蛋白质的离子交换纯化

为了克隆鹅生长激素基因并表达其重组蛋白质,采集生长期鹅垂体组织,并利用TRIzol快速提取的总RNA为模板,反转录为c DNA。根据鹅生长激素基因编码的成熟肽序列(Gen Bank号:AY149895.2)设计1对引物,分别在上、下游引物的5'端引入Nhe I和Hind III酶切位点。经反转录扩增获得鹅生长激素基因的编码的成熟肽全序列。通过双酶切和连接将鹅生长激素编码区插入原核表达载体pRSET-A的Nhe I和Hind III位点之间,构建重组表达质粒pRSET-g GH并转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3)。转化的菌株经IPTG诱导后表达重组鹅生长激素蛋白质,分子量约为2.93×104。经过DEAE-650M弱阴离子交换树脂纯化获得较高纯度的重组鹅生长激素蛋白质。     

饲粮赖氨酸水平对1～21日龄狮头鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及蛋白沉积的影响

【目的】主要研究不同赖氨酸水平的饲粮对1~21日龄狮头鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及蛋白沉积的影响.【方法】选用828只1日龄的健康狮头鹅,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复23只.对照组赖氨酸添加水平(w)为0.75%,各处理组赖氨酸水平分别为0.90%、1.05%、1.20%、1.35%、1.50%.试验期21 d.【结果和结论】1)随赖氨酸水平升高,1.05%~1.50%处理组的狮头鹅21日龄的平均日增质量显著高于对照组和0.90%组(P0.05);赖氨酸1.05%~1.50%处理组耗料增质量比均显著低于对照组和0.90%组(P0.05).2)对狮头鹅血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白的影响趋势相近,均在1.20%组达到最高,并显著高于0.90%、1.05%和1.35%组.血清尿酸和三酰甘油的浓度均在1.05%组最低,但各组之间差异不显著.血清碱性磷酸酶浓度在1.20%组达到最大值,显著高于1.05%、1.35%和1.50%组(P0.05).血清生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子1质量浓度各组间差异不显著.3)狮头鹅蛋白绝对沉积、相对沉积随饲粮赖氨酸水平的升高而升高,并且在赖氨酸为1.20%时达到较好的效果.研究表明,饲粮中添加赖氨酸可以有效地提高狮头鹅的生长性能,1~21日龄狮头鹅饲粮赖氨酸适宜水平为1.05%.     

盘江黄牛及其杂交牛育肥中干物质、粗蛋白、综合净能需要研究

将３６ 头盘江黄牛及其杂交牛分成１２ 组，采用不同的日粮，进行两期育肥试验，得到不同的增重水平和实际营养物质摄入量。用各组实际采食的干物质（ ＤＭ） 、粗蛋白（ＣＰ） 、综合净能（ＮＥｍｆ） 与我国试行的《肉牛饲养标准》进行比较。结果表明，除干物质与标准相差较多（ － ６ ．３ ％ ） 外，粗蛋白和综合净能与标准相当接近（ 仅相差－ １ ．５ ％ 和２ ．８ ％ ） ，说明盘江黄牛及其杂交牛在育肥中的营养需要基本与标准相符，在配制日粮时，可以参考我国的《肉牛饲养标准》。     

Effect of Different Dietary Nutrition Levels on Fattening Effect of Holstein Bulls

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary nutrition levels on fattening effect of Holstein bulls.48 4-month-old Holstein bulls with an average body weight of 128 kg were allocated into two groups,group Ⅰ was fed a low nutrition level diet,group Ⅱ was fed a high nutrition level diet.Each group had 24 Holstein bulls.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 245 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 6.36% (P<0.01),while the F/G in group Ⅱ was decreased by 6.55%.With the increasing of dietary nutrition levels,the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P were rising,but there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum GLU,AST,ALT and GH contents in group Ⅱ were increased by 12.52%,12.85%,9.68% and 13.24% (P<0.05),respectively,while the serum BUN content in group Ⅱ was decreased by 10.98% (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the feeding profits of group Ⅱ increased by 1.37 yuan/(head·day),the total economic benefit of group Ⅱ increased by 335.65 yuan/head.In conclusion,the improvement of dietary nutrition levels could improve the fattening performance and the economic benefit of Holstein bulls.