The Rht13 dwarfing gene reduces peduncle length and plant height to increase grain number and yield of wheat

The green-revolution Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles are usually associated with increased wheat yields but are linked to reduced early growth and poor emergence if sowing conditions are unfavourable. Other dwarfing genes are available but not used in commercial breeding. The Rht13 bread wheat donor, Magnif M1, produces uniquely short peduncle and penultimate internodes to reduce plant height. A set of near-isogenic (NILs) and recombinant inbred (RILs) lines varying for height were developed from the cross of Magnif M1 and the Rht8c-containing Chuan-mai 18, and evaluated for a range of agronomic characteristics across favourable environments. Reductions in plant height were associated with increased grain number (r² = 0.35**) and harvest index (r² = 0.62**) in the NILs. Reduced-height RILs containing the Rht13-linked, Xgwm577_M microsatellite marker were significantly shorter, produced greater biomass, yield and harvest index, and increased spike and grain number than lines without the marker. Approximately 74 and 7% of the total phenotypic variance in plant height was accounted for by allelic differences in Xgwm577 and Rht8 loci, respectively. The peduncle and penultimate peduncle internodes of Rht13-containing lines were proportionately shorter than Rht8c-containing sibs and lines containing the Rht-B1b dwarfing allele. The unique height-reducing phenotype, increased grain number and yield associated with Rht13 indicate considerable potential for use of this dwarfing allele for improving wheat performance.     

特旱条件下玉米自交系抗旱性评价

为了发掘和利用玉米抗旱种质资源,选育耐旱高产的玉米杂交种,通过全生育期控水试验,对58个玉米优良自交系的抗旱性进行了鉴定和评价,并进行了抗旱性聚类和遗传背景分析。结果表明:在特旱条件下,58个自交系减产幅度为40.6%~100%,平均产量下降了81.6%;结实率、穗行数、行粒数、出籽率4个性状分别与抗旱系数或抗旱指数存在显著或极显著的相关性,可作为玉米自交系抗旱性评价的关键指标;根据抗旱性的不同,58个自交系可划分为3类,其中第I类自交系K12、PB1139、RD6的抗旱性极强,第II类自交系CL11、郑58、P138、特早熟、Ft45-5具有较强的抗旱潜力。为了便于利用杂种优势,将不同抗旱性的自交系按照其所属遗传类群进行了再次划分,58个自交系可划分为2个类群,其中A群中抗旱性强的自交系有CL11和郑58,B群中抗旱性强的自交系有K12、PB1139、RD6、Ft45-5、P138和特早熟。     

大豆高脂肪组合初世代脂肪含量相关性研究Ⅰ——F2代高脂肪组合脂肪含量相关性研究

试验选择高产或高脂肪的7个大豆亲本,根据不同配制方案分成两组,采用NCII设计,配成8个组合.探讨杂交初世代(F2～F4)脂肪含量与组合的配置方案、产量、百粒重及亲本的相关性,加快高脂肪大豆选育进程.结果表明:F2代脂肪含量与组合的配制呈极显著相关,高×高的配制方案出现高脂肪材料的几率高;与单株粒重的相关出现不同的情况,5个组合呈正相关、3个组合呈负相关;与百粒重的相关表现为负相关.F2代脂肪含量与父本的脂肪含量呈一定的正相关,但不显著;与母本脂肪含量及中亲值呈极显著的正相关.     

青岛梅园的建设及梅花品种的搜集与选育

在简介青岛梅园这一北方“新星”后，着重报道了其在建园中完成的两项科研成果，即①梅园快速规划设计与施工；②梅花品种的搜集、整理与新品种选育     

STS标记在扬麦158×淮麦18F_4群体中的应用及其与PPO活性的关系

小麦籽粒中的多酚氧化酶活性是导致酶促褐变的主要因素.选育低多酚氧化酶活性的品种是改良面制食品外观品质的重要途径之一.本研究利用位于小麦2A和2D染色体上PPO基因分子标记PPO18和STS01,对扬麦158×淮麦18组合的300个F4代分离株系进行PCR扩增,说明不同带型与PPO活性的相关性.结果表明用PP018扩增的300个分离株系中有59个扩增出876 bp(2aaa型)的目标片段,其活性均值为82.01;46个同时扩增出685 bp和876 bp的目标片段(2Aab型)其活性均值为163.41;其余195个扩增出685 bp的目标片段(2Abb型)其活性均值为233.73.方差分析表明三者的PPO活性差异达到极显著水平,其中基因型为2Aaa型的PPO活性值明显低于2Abb型;PPO18在本试验群体中对PPO活性的决定系数为66.61%;用STS01扩增的300个株系中都扩增出了560bp的片段,群体间没有差异.文中说明了两对引物在该群体中的效应及其与PPO活性的关系.     

矮小鸡在高原地区生长速度研究

通过对矮小鸡配套系在高原地区的孵化和饲养试验,测定不同周龄的生长发育,并与在高原适应性较强的藏鸡进行比较.研究结果表明,矮小鸡配套系在高原地区的适应性比较强.     

Mechanochemical properties of ordinary and dark muscle myosins from seawater fish

Myosin was isolated from two types of muscle, ordinary and dark muscles, of three species of fish living in sea water. The compositions of light chains were visualized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the mechanochemical activity was examined by in vitro motility and ATPase assays. Ordinary muscle myosin of either species had three species of light chain, whereas dark muscle myosin had another two species of light chain judged by SDS-PAGE. Sliding velocity of ordinary muscle myosin was in the range of 4.92–6.89 μm/S, whereas that of dark muscle myosin was in the range of 3.07–4.25 μm/s. Therefore, ordinary muscle myosin showed 1.26–1.95 times higher sliding velocity than dark muscle myosin in either species. The ratios of V_max of actin-activated Mg²⁺-ATPase activity of ordinary to dark muscle myosins were correlated quite well to the ratios of sliding velocity. Activity of ordinary muscle myosin was comparable to that of mammalian fast muscle myosin, but that of dark muscle myosin was twice of that of mammalian slow muscle myosin. These results may reflect the essential role of fish dark muscle myosin always used in slow cruising.     

四芯网线解决图书馆网络问题

探究了百兆网线的工作原理,根据原理提出了用同一根双绞线接两个水晶头当作两根四芯网线使用的方法,并用它解决了图书馆局域网的实际问题。     

西瓜核型雄性不育两用系POD同工酶研究

用PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶)电泳技术,研究了西瓜核型雄性不育两用系不同器官的POD(过氧化物酶)同工酶酶谱差异。试验结果表明,不育株与可育株主要差异在雄花蕾,表现为不育株较可育株多2条活性强的酶带;其他器官差异小,仅表现为酶谱带强弱不同。并对POD同工酶与雄性不育性的相关性进行了研究。     

沼液营养液对快菜生长和生理特性的影响

以四季快菜一号为试材,以华南农业大学农化室叶菜A改良配方为对照(CK),设定沼液添加量为10%、20%、40%、60%、80%,研究了不同沼液添加量对快菜生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:在营养液中添加一定量的沼液,能明显提高快菜植株的维生素C、可溶性糖、粗纤维和粗蛋白含量,并能提高蔬菜产量,沼液添加量为40%时效果最好,但对粗脂肪和叶绿素相对含量提高并不明显。