Factors affecting a sheep vegetation management system in British Columbia, Canada

A silvopastoral agroforestry system involving sheep is an important silvicultural issue. We examined the factors that affect the continuation or discontinuation of sheep vegetation management (SVM) in British Columbia. A questionnaire was used to conduct interviews with a randomly selected sample of contractors and farmers who were involved in SVM in British Columbia (BC). Based on a stepwise discriminant analysis, we found that the profitability of SVM, and the practitioners' commitment (number of ewes owned by the farmer or contractor), experience (number of years the farmer or contractor has practiced SVM on public lands in BC) and trust or confidence (number of years the farmer or contractor has consistently worked for the landlord) contributed to the farmer's or contractor's continuation or discontinuation of SVM practice. The factors we defined seemed to be validated (corroborated) by a complex of determinants voiced by various experts concerning the relationship between SVM and the forestry economy in BC, the scale of sheep farming in BC, the relative absence of an agricultural infrastructure to support sheep farming in BC, and the continuity of SVM from year to year. Further investigation into these factors and others is required to advance our understanding of SVM in British Columbia. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

平欧杂种榛低产园嫁接改造技术

为探讨平欧杂种榛低产园改造技术,采用劈接的方法进行品种改良试验,结果表明,嫁接高度为40～50 cm时,各品种(系)嫁接成活率最高;1-21(品系)、辽榛3号在嫁接后的生长量、抗寒性、果实产量等综合性状超过其他品种(系),可以作为低产榛园嫁接改优的最佳品种(系);嫁接后结果第2年应该加强树体的水肥管理,提高树势。     

单竹属一新品种‘花皮单竹’

‘花皮单竹’属于竹亚科单竹属Lingnania McClure的单竹Lingnania cerosissima McClure变异株,经多年选优、培育而成的栽培竹新品种。‘花皮单竹’为大型合轴型丛生竹,秆高6~8 m,直径4.5~6.5 cm;全秆和部分竹枝具黄绿相间条纹,全秆被厚白蜡粉。而单竹秆型相对较小,其秆高3~7 m,直径2~5 cm,竹秆通体绿色,不具条纹,幼时被白蜡粉。经10年的繁育观测,其性状稳定,适宜于年均温17~20℃、年降水量1 000~2 000 mm、海拔6 00 m以下的长江流域以南广大地区栽培。     

日本红枫‘青龙’组织培养与快速繁殖

以青龙半木质化枝条为外植体,采用丛生芽诱导途径,建立起组培快繁体系。结果表明:最佳启动培养基为WPM+0.05mg/LTDZ+30g/L蔗糖+6.5g/L琼脂,启动率为96.1%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM+0.06mg/LTDZ+0.3mg/LIBA+6.5g/L琼脂+30g/L蔗糖,继代周期30d,增殖系数高达4.8;最佳生根培养基为1/2WPM+0.3mg/LNAA+6.5g/L琼脂+30g/L蔗糖,培养30d,其生根率达96.7%。炼苗后,移栽到珍珠岩∶蛭石∶泥炭土体积比为1∶1∶1的混合基质中,成活率达到90%以上。     

远安县建成区绿地栖凤园种植设计调查报告

植物生长并非一成不变,植物的动态性需格外注重,不同植物不同生长周期的养护手法(例如紫薇的修枝、红叶石楠的修枝情况)也不容忽视。植物景观作为一门多维度的艺术,包含了外形、色彩、嗅觉、触觉等不同的特征,同时又受到时间这一不确定因素影响颇深。针对不同时期植物的生长发育差异,应合理安排种植结构,加强季相搭配,延长观赏期,增加观赏角度。     

金镶玉竹对重金属铅镉的耐抗性

文章以盆栽金镶玉竹(Phyllostachys aureosulcata 'Spectabilis’)为试验材料,研究不同浓度铅、镉处理在金镶玉竹不同器官中的吸收、累积和迁移分配规律,以及铅、镉对金镶玉竹细胞膜透性、脂过氧化与抗氧化保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,在铅、镉胁迫下,根部是吸收积累重金属的最主要部位,重金属在不同器官之间的迁移分配表现出一定的差异;随着重金属处理浓度的增加,细胞质膜透性和膜脂过氧化程度增大,相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加;胁迫初期抗氧化酶活性不断增加,随着胁迫时间的延长,酶活性不断下降。     

黑龙江省小兴安岭北坡林分生长率模型的建立

通过采集的120 890株编表样木数据,编制了黑龙江省小兴安岭北坡的主要林分生长率表,确定了y=a＋blnx（y—林分生长率,x—林分年龄）为林分总长率和净生长率回归模型。经检验,本生长率表精度较高、适用性强,可供生产经营单位、管理部门和科学研究使用。     

Observance–Influence Analysis: A Case Study in a Forest Recreation Area

Importance–performance (I-P) analysis is a common evaluative measure in forest recreation management. However, concerns with I-P analysis have been raised. In this study, the observance–influence (O-I) analysis technique modified from I-P analysis was adapted for analysing the observance of various use and resource impacts by on-site visitors, and the influence that these impact conditions have on forest recreation area visitor experiences. During the summer and autumn of 2000, 476 Worak-san Forest National Park visitors in Korea were surveyed. The O-I grid generated from the survey data indicated that managers are doing a good job. The grid revealed most impacts clustering in the low priority concern and no concern quadrants. Impacts shown to be of most concern related to utility poles and power lines, poor maintenance of buildings, dead and dying trees, and discourteous behaviour. The O-I grid analysis model has considerable utility for park managers in analysing visitors’ perceptions of park impacts.     

The effect of cattle foot traffic on soil compaction in a silvo-pastoral system

In India, small farmers have generally found that the growing of eucalypts as a cash crop provides poor returns, and many have reverted to growing annual crops. Farmgate prices have been much lower than retail prices, due to the existence of middlemen, and retail prices have fallen to lower levels than expected as markets have become saturated. This article describes the situation in eastern Gujarant, where farmers sold their eucalypts directly to buyers at prices close to those in organised wood markets. An important reason for this unusual situation is the absence in Gujarat of controls on eucalyptus sales, which has helped producers to avoid dependence on rent-seeking intermediaries. The survey shows that growing eucalyptus can be a profitable activity for small farmers, given the right circumstances.     

Classifying tree planters and non planters in a subsistence farming system using a discriminant analytical approach

Since the 1970s tree planting has been promoted to meet the multipurpose needs of subsistence farmers and to arrest deforestation in many developing countries. Financial support and extension systems were developed as tree growing outside the forest became more important. The limited success of the forest extension approaches used in the 1980s has been attributed to the failure to ascertain householders' priorities and attitudes to tree growing. Although the broader theoretical paradigm of factors influencing householders' planting of trees has been discussed household and regional level analyses are rare. This study used discriminant analysis to assess the extent to which social and economic factors affect smallholder farmer tree planting in Orissa, eastern India. The validity of the predictive model to define the different groups was tested by assessing the accuracy of classification. The significance of the factors was probed using the identified variables in the discriminant functions developed for smallholder farmers in the coastal and inland zones of Orissa. The results contradicted some common assumptions that only large landowners with a substantial income are innovators. The likelihood of adopting agroforestry is dependent on the progressive attitude of farmers, membership of village organisations, their wealth status and, more importantly, their perceived risk concerning agricultural production. This approach enables tree planters and non-planters to be characterised and hence give better targetting of planning and social forestry programmes.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.