已租赁集体林产权改革现状及分析

在集体林产权制度改革过程中,随着农民产权意识的加强,林产品价格上涨,政府减免农业税等多项惠农政策,经营林业的收益明显增加,相关政府部门和学术界对已租赁的集体林地所进行改革已达共识。在综述我国已租赁集体林产权制度改革政策法规出台的背景、出台的相关政策法规及相关文献的基础上,分析认为我国新一轮已租赁集体林产权改革的公开性、农户的参与性高以及林改后农户间经营的林地面积均分化程度有所增强;提出已租赁集体林产权改革演化机理为:由分权到集权再分权的过程,可以概括为从家庭到团队经营再到家庭经营;依据林业经营行业特性,认为其家庭经营模式应是在自愿合作的基础上实现规模经营。     

良好农业规范（GAP）认证对农民收入的影响--以烟台市大岚束村认证殡果种植为例

本文通过实地调查烟台市大岚东村参加欧洲良好农业规范後认证苹果种植的情况,分析了认证苹果的生产给农民的收入带来的影响。研究发现,当地的认证苹果种植可以通过生产、销售等各个环节实现增加农民收入的目的,但同时也面临着当地认证苹果生产过程中存在的问题,而限制了农民收入的增加。本文笔者认为,发展GAP认证农业可以实现农民增收,但实现这个目标需要一定的途径,而且随着认证农业的发展,有利于增加农民收入的外部因素增多,也间接促进了农民收入的增加。     

浅析和谐社会建设中的“农民工第二代”问题

在构建社会主义和谐社会的进程中,关注"农民工第二代"群体,对其存在现状及发展趋势予以分析,进而从"农民工第二代"的教育、城市化和新农村发展等方面提出符合实际的可行性对策。     

2011-2015年湘西各县烟农生产规模分析

根据2011-2015年湘西州烟草生产收购数据,对湘西各县烟农种植规模及其变化进行了分析.结果表明,湘西不同县份烟农种植规模差异明显,变化不同.2011-2014年,保靖、凤凰、古丈、花垣、龙山、永顺6个县烟农种植规模稳步上升,增长明显;但泸溪县烟农户均种植规模几乎逐年下降,2015年为湘西州总体和户均烟叶生产规模最小县.不同烟农种植规模相差几百倍,种烟规模0.7 hm2以下的烟农占50％.尽量减少小户比例是提高湘西烟农户均规模的有效途径,综合环境条件是影响烟叶生产面积和户均规模的重要因素,人为选择和干预对烟叶生产整体和户均规模有直接决定作用.     

基于农民合作博弈行为的政府扶持合作社路径分析

通过建立合作社中农民之间的进化博弈模型,分析与探究了农民之间的策略选择博弈过程。根据农民加入合作社的意愿把合作社与政府间关系的发展路径划分为非合作阶段、过渡阶段与合作阶段3个阶段。并在此基础上对政府在这3个阶段中应该采取哪些方法来促进合作社的发展进行若干探讨。     

浙江省农民专业合作社的投资风险与控制研究

以浙江省农民专业合作社为研究对象,通过实地调查问卷、走访的方式,研究分析了其投资方面存在的风险,并根据现状提出了几点相应的控制措施。研究工作从浙江省农民专业合作社的特点及其财务管理的环境出发,概括出浙江省农民专业合作社投资的现状,揭示浙江省农民专业合作社投资方面存在的风险,结合问卷调查的数据结果重点分析投资的现状及成因,进而针对问题提出风险控制的思路与具体措施。     

图书排架方法的继承与创新：兼与蒋鸿标、王旭艳商榷

在分析蒋鸿标的“细分粗排”和王旭艳的“细分细排”图书排架方法的基础上,针对开架图书借阅乱架问题,提出了“两号分离”法,并介绍了“两号分离”法的原理、优点、可行性和使用“两号分离”法需注意的问题。     

A proposed framework for accelerating technology trajectories in agriculture: a case study in China

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies have great potential for promoting sustainable intensification of food production, ensuring targeted delivery of agricultural inputs, and hence food security and environmental protection. The benefits of PA technologies are applicable across a broad range of agronomic, environmental and rural socio-economic contexts globally. However, farmer and land-manager adoption in low to middle income countries has typically been slower than that observed in more affluent countries. China is currently engaged in the process of agricultural modernisation to ensure food security for its 1.4 billion population and has developed a portfolio of policies designed to improve food security, while simultaneously promoting environmental protection. Particular attention has been paid to the reduction of agricultural inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides. The widespread adoption of PA technologies across the Chinese agricultural landscape is central to the success of these policies. However, socio-economic and cultural barriers, farm scale, (in particular the prevalence of smaller family farms) and demographic changes in the rural population, (for example, the movement of younger people to the cities) represent barriers to PA adoption across China. A framework for ensuring an acceptable and accelerated PA technology trajectory is proposed which combines systematic understanding of farmer and end-user priorities and preferences for technology design throughout the technology development process, and subsequent end-user requirements for implementation (including demonstration of economic and agronomic benefits, and knowledge transfer). Future research will validate the framework against qualitative and quantitative socio-economic, cultural and agronomic indicators of successful, or otherwise, PA implementation. The results will provide the evidence upon which to develop further policies regarding how to secure sustainable food production and how best to implement PA in China, as well as practical recommendations for optimising end-user uptake.     

Introduction of Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) in Indonesia: Institutional development in action for resources management

The inability to properly maintain irrigation systems over time forced the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to seek cost recovery from water users through introduction of an irrigation service fee. The plan is to introduce this fee in all of the technical irrigation systems of Indonesia, covering about 4 million hectares, over a 12 year period. Design and Introduction of this service fee in 4 pilot areas of the 4 major rice producing provinces (West, Central and East Java, and South Sulawesi) during 1989–1991 has shown that users are willing to pay. Results of first ISF collection from over 11,000 farmers in Central and East Java in pilot systems was an encouraging 95%. However that acceptance to pay by users depends on their structured and systematic involvement in defining systems needs. They need to understand a differentiation in payment if service levels are different. They appreciate use of collected funds in the system where collected. They understand the organization of water users associations but this requires their active role in fee determination and collection. They understand the establishment of federations of these associations. ISF requires also active involvement of Local Government officials as facilitators and intermediaries between service receivers (the water users) and service providers (personnel of the Public Works irrigation department) in the introduction period. This article describes the experience of the first 21 months of the ISF project, the concept developed, the principles used as basis for ISF, the introduction at the field level, issues related to acceptance by users and by the institutions involved, and the first results.Abbreviations/Acronyms DGWRD Directorate General of Water Resources Development (Ministry of Public Works) - EOM Efficient Operation and Maintenance - Gabungan group of WUAs - IPAIR Indonesian abbreviation for ISF - ISF Irrigation Service Fee - Juru gate keeper - PBB land tax on irrigated lands - PPL agricultural field extension agent - P3A Indonesian abbreviation for Water Users Associations - PU Indonesian abbreviation for Public Works - SM Special Maintenance - WUA Water Users Associations     

农户对农机服务购买行为的差异性分析——基于303份微观调查数据的研究

为分析农户的农机服务采纳行为的主要影响因素,以湖北省和山东省的303份农户层面微观调查数据为例,采用Probit模型和Logstic模型分析影响农户采纳农机服务行为机理。研究结果表明:农户的身体健康状况、耕地是否有坡地、耕地块数及是否有非农经历均对农户的机耕、机收以及机播是否购买农机服务有着显著影响,且农户对于不同环节(机耕、机播以及机收)农机服务的购买行为的影响因素及程度均有所差异;农户身体健康状况、拥有农机现值、是否务工兼顾种植,以及耕地是否有坡地均对农户采纳农机服务的数量有显著性影响。