农民参加培训阻碍因素分析及对策研究

基于江苏省淮安市265位农民的调查,了解到近年来淮安市培训工作已取得骄人成绩,但目前还存在很多问题,并在此基础上,提出进一步统筹规划,完善硬件设施、提高师资素质,灵活选定授课形式,丰富农民培训内容等建议。     

农业科技远程传播的障碍因素与对策

摘 要：农民是将农业科学技术转化为生产力的最终应用者,然而,由于目前农民的文化素质、经济条件,以及传媒的特性,农民在接收农业科技远程传播时会遇到一些障碍,而要提高农民的文化知识水平和整体素质是一项较长期的教育过程,漫长的教育过程与加快农业科技传播是不相适应的。本文提出了对于这一特殊的受众群体,农业科技远程传播要适应农民的知识能力、经济能力和应用能力,这样才能激发农民学习农业科学技术的兴趣和主动性,才能取得预期的传播效果。     

林农与市场对接的两种博弈模型

文中把在农村林业经济中具有规模经营效应的组织形式划分为以龙头企业为主导模式和以合作组织为主导模式,分析了以龙头企业为主导模式的优势;通过建立企业与林农的博弈模型,指出以龙头企业为主导模式的缺陷,而以合作组织为主导模式不仅具有以龙头企业为主导模式的优势,还能够避免其缺陷。     

云南省林业社会化服务体系现状及发展对策

健全林业社会化服务体系对巩固集体林权制度改革成果具有重要意义。基于对云南省林业社会化服务体系现状的分析,对云南省林业社会化服务体系建设的发展提出了4点对策:进一步推进林权管理体系建设,进一步加快林农专业合作社建设,进一步加大金融支持力度,进一步加大科技服务能力建设。     

福建省林权收储抵押担保制度的实施成效分析

实施林权收储担保既消除金融机构的放贷顾虑,促进林权抵押贷款业务顺利开展,又能保证林农增收增效与林区经济发展,有力助推林区的精准扶贫与乡村振兴。本文在介绍林权收储担保基本概念及其运行机制、运作流程的基础上,通过实地调研全面分析福建省林权收储担保制度建设的成效,包括降低抵押物保全与处置风险,降低抵押贷款的交易成本,降低林权抵押贷款利率及促进抵押贷款业务快速发展。针对林权收储担保制度实施过程中的问题,提出拓展林权可抵押范围,鼓励引导社会资本积极参与,进一步规范收储担保业务等建议。     

浅谈贵州省世行贷款贫困地区林业发展项目建设

世行货款“贫困地区林业发展项目”是世界银行支持我国中西部地区经济发展的又一个贷款项目。通过对贵州省15个项目县（市）的调查研究，总结分析项目实施中的经验和存在的问题，提出对策建议，供我国中西部12个省（区）在开展贫困地区林业发展项目建设中参考。     

竹农参与技术创新的步骤与方法

在提出竹农参与技术创新的步骤与方法设计思路的基础上,构建了竹农参与技术创新的步骤的基本框架图,阐明了竹农参与技术创新与实验室技术创新的区别,阐述了各利益相关者参与技术创新的方法。     

武汉市农村种植户综合污水污染指标研究

指出了随着武汉市农村地区农副产品加工和水产、牲畜养殖的规模化发展,农村生活污水和生产废水的排放量与日俱增。随机对武汉市农村地区6个村庄,每个村庄3户农家的水样进行了取样和检测,分析了水质的COD、BOD、T N、T P、T SS ,结果表明：各地区水质特征基本吻合,整体波动幅度不大,提出了使用STCC工艺处理武汉市农村种植户综合污水的方案。     

世行项目造林质量监测的方法和效果

介绍了“贫困地区林业发展项目”对造林质量进行监测的标准及方法、实施监测的程序与机制。实施监测大大提高了造林质量，使造林合格率由第1年的82．3％提高到第3年的92．4％。这些方法可以在其它重点林业工程中借鉴和应用。     

Socioeconomic factors affecting the adoption potential of improved tree fallows in Africa

In many parts of Africa, farmers periodically fallow their land, which is allowing land to lie idle for one or more seasons primarily to restore its fertility. This paper assesses the feasibility, profitability, and acceptability of improved tree fallows, which are the deliberate planting of trees or shrubs in rotation with crops to improve soil fertility. Improved tree fallows are assessed at different stages of intensification, drawing on farmers' experiences in three different settings. In extensive systems where land is plentiful and existing fallows with natural regeneration of vegetation restore soil fertility (southern Cameroon), farmers have little incentive to invest labor in establishing improved fallows. Where population density is higher and fallow periods are decreasing and farmers perceive a decline in soil fertility (eastern Zambia), improved fallows have great potential. In intensive systems where land is unavailable and cropping is often continuous (western Kenya), many farmers find it difficult to fallow land. Even here, there is scope for introducing improved fallows, especially among farmers who have off-farm income. Labor constraints and institutional support were found to greatly influence the feasibility of improved fallows. In intensive systems, low returns to cropping, low base yields, and a high opportunity cost of labor increase the returns to improved fallows. Principal factors associated with acceptability include past perception of soil fertility problems, past use of measures for improving soil fertility, current fallowing, economic importance of annual cropping, and wealth level. Adoption potential may be increased by reducing fallow periods, intercropping trees and crops during the first season, reducing establishment costs, producing higher value by-products, and by encouraging farmers to test improved fallows on high-value crops.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.