大豆LAZ1基因家族鉴定与GmLAZ1-9基因的功能研究

通过在大豆基因组数据库中比对,获得大豆LAZ1基因家族成员,开展生物信息学分析与表达模式检测,并利用转基因拟南芥进行基因功能验证.结果显示:共鉴定到17个大豆LAZ1基因,即GmLAZ1-1～Gm-LAZ1-17.这17个GmLAZ1基因不均匀地分布在大豆的12条染色体上,在进化树上可分为3个亚家族,同一亚家族成员具有...     

农村家庭养老支持力与养老方式结构方程模型实证研究

农村人口老龄化的迅速发展使得农村养老压力增大.以广州农村家庭养老支持力为研究对象,建立家庭养老支持力与养老方式理论模型,提出家庭养老支持力和养老意愿与养老方式之间关系的研究假设,并设计调查量表开展实证调研.在此基础上,进行假设检验和影响因素分析,为农村养老问题的路径选择提供参考.     

Intake and discharge nutrient loads at three intensive shrimp farms

This study was conducted to help provide a framework for Australian regulation of shrimp farm siting and discharges. Monitoring of farm water usage, and intake and discharge water quality was conducted at three commercial intensive shrimp farms, chosen to represent different operating environments, latitudes, cultured species and management styles. Weekly samples were taken over 3 years, for 3–12 months at each farm, to investigate intake and discharge concentrations and loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mean water exchange was 1.4 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 10% day^?1) at the first farm studied and 0.5 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 3.6% day^?1) at the others. Farm mean discharge concentration varied as follows: TSS, from 36.9 to 119 mg L^?1; TN, from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L^?1 and TP, from 0.22 to 0.28 mg L^?1. Farm mean intake concentrations were from 11% to 91% of equivalent mean discharge concentration (for TN at Farm B and TSS at Farm C respectively). Mean net discharge loads, related to area of production ponds at each farm, varied as follows: TSS, from 4.8 to 85.7 kg ha^?1 day^?1; TN, from 1 to 1.8 kg ha^?1 day^?1 and TP, from 0.11 to 0.22 kg ha^?1 day^?1. The highest net loads of TSS, TN and TP were all from the farm with the highest water exchange rate, located on a coastal river, and studied during a year of high rainfall with associated poor water quality. These results can be used to help predict likely discharge characteristics for new shrimp farms, and provide a benchmark against which to evaluate future improvements in shrimp farm environmental management.     

Incidence of hybridization between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in Ireland

The substantial growth of the farmed salmon industry in Europe since the 1970s has highlighted concerns regarding the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmonid stocks. High incidences of salmon × trout hybrids have been recorded in rivers situated near intensive salmon farming in Norway and Scotland, which may be indicative of a breakdown in reproductive isolation between salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L. In the present study, salmonid fry and 0+ parr were collected from rivers in western Ireland. Allozyme and minisatellite DNA analysis were carried out on fry to determine the frequency of F1 hybrids from 10 rivers located within 38 km of salmon farms and three rivers at least 80 km from salmon farms. A total of 49 hybrids were recorded from 4135 salmonid fry (frequency = 1.2%). Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that all hybrids arose from Atlantic salmon female × brown trout male crosses. Hybrid parr were recorded from one of the low-risk rivers (1.0%), but were present in seven out of the 10 catchments located within 38 km of salmon farms, with frequencies ranging from 0.7% to 3.1%. The results of the present survey, which represents the first extensive record of the levels of salmon-trout hybridization in Ireland, are discussed in relation to the continued growth of salmon farming in this country.     

miR-186-5p与α-MSH互作对绵羊黑素细胞黑色素生成的影响

黑色素合成受多种基因和miRNAs的调控,为了研究miR-186-5p与α-MSH协同作用对绵羊黑素细胞黑色素生成的影响.本研究在绵羊黑素细胞中转染miR-186-5p表达载体,同时添加α-MSH,通过实时荧光PCR(quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,qR...     

鱼类解偶联蛋白（UCP）基因研究新进展

通过生理性解偶联调节氧化磷酸化效率可能是进化早期发展起来的一种普遍策略,对生命的存在至关重要. 解偶联蛋白（uncoupling protein,UCP）家族是位于线粒体内膜的转运蛋白,哺乳动物基因组中已发现5个成员,其中UCP1~UCP3紧密相关,而UCP4和UCP5（即BMCP1,brain mitochondrial carrier protein-1）与它们差异较大. UCP1~UCP4不仅在哺乳类、鸟类等恒温脊椎动物中普遍存在,而且在鱼类等变温动物中也被证实存在,但UCP5目前仅在哺乳类中被发现. 哺乳动物褐色脂肪组织的UCP1,介导呼吸链产生的质子梯度泄漏,使氧化产生的能量以热的形式散发,但鱼类等变温动物UCP1的功能尚待进一步研究确立. UCP2和UCP3在产热、控制活性氧生成、脂肪酸氧化以及肥胖、糖尿病的发生中均发挥重要作用,二者的转录调节较复杂. UCP4和UCP5与其他UCP关系较远,UCP4仅在脑中表达,而UCP5在脑中高表达,它们的功能还不十分明确,但研究表明很可能与UCP2和UCP3的功能相似.     

Effect of stocking density on key growth traits of a fast‐growing and heat‐resistant strain of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

We evaluated the effect of rearing density on the yield of a fast‐growing and heat‐resistant strain of Apostichopus japonicus using a full‐sib family. We analysed the relationship between density and key growth parameters during factory seedling of A. japonicus and developed a model to explain the variation in growth. From 130 to 220 days, the rearing density of A. japonicus had a significant effect on body weight, specific growth rate, coefficient of variation and survival rate (P < 0.05). We obtained predicted integral regression equations for yield and growth rate, density fluctuation, variable coefficient fluctuation and survival rate. Specific growth rate had a significant effect on the yield of A. japonicus and, therefore, can be used as a primary indicator of yield. We recommend that stocking density should be adjusted from age 130–166 days to avoid frequent seedling separation to different pools of different seedling sizes during the fast growth period of A. japonicus seedlings, a procedure that causes yield decline. The optimal initial stocking density was 24.4 g m^?2 (0.2 g L^?1).     

刀鲚基因家族鉴定及扩张与收缩

为增加对刀鲚在进化过程中因核心基因家族改变而产生的特殊机制的了解。实验利用比较基因组学,通过比较刀鲚及其近缘物种斑马鱼、三刺鱼、青鳉、红鳍东方鲀和绿河鲀基因组,鉴定刀鲚基因家族;利用CAFév 4.2软件进行基因家族扩张和收缩分析;最后将鉴定的扩张基因家族基因与GO、KEGG等数据库进行比对、注释和通路分析。结果显示,刀鲚具有11 872个基因家族,包含16 470个基因,有2 963个基因未形成基因家族。同其他5个物种相比,刀鲚有150个特有基因家族,包含419个基因。刀鲚扩张和收缩基因家族分析结果表明,刀鲚有1 200个基因家族扩张了,7 543个基因家族收缩了。刀鲚显著扩张的基因家族有39个,包含508个基因;显著收缩的基因家族有36个,包含21个基因。刀鲚显著扩张基因家族GO富集分析条目中鉴定较多的是,代谢过程、催化活性、细胞、细胞组分等。KEGG富集分析条目中鉴定较多的是紧密连接、心肌细胞的肾上腺素能信号、心肌收缩、细胞黏附分子等。与渗透压调节相关的通路有紧密连接、心肌收缩等;与生殖洄游行为相关的通路有GnRH信号通路、嗅觉转导通路等。对显著扩张基因家族基因进行基因组定位,结...     

Developmental temperature stress and parental identity shape offspring burst swimming performance in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Abstract – The persistent effects of embryonic temperature stress and individual parentage on fry swimming performance were examined in a cross‐fertilisation experiment using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A fixed‐velocity test of burst swimming was used to assess the endurance capacity and behavioural performance of individual fry from 10 offspring families incubated at 12, 14 or 16 °C to hatch and then reared through yolk absorption and exogenous feeding stages in a common posthatch environment (average 6.9 °C). Fry burst swim time (BST) was influenced by an interaction between incubation temperature and family identity. Average BST was longer for fry from the 12 °C prehatch treatment compared to 14 and 16 °C, although differences were largely attributable to temperature effects on average fry size. Behavioural observations revealed that fish incubated at 16 °C performed more poorly, having a larger proportion of individuals that required stimulation to swim, fatigued more frequently or were classified as ‘nonswimmers’. Within all three incubation temperature treatments, mean BST varied significantly among offspring families, independent of fry mass and length. An interesting relationship was observed within the 16 °C treatment, whereby families with higher survivorship were characterised with lower mean BSTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure to high temperatures in early sockeye salmon development can result in persistent, parentally mediated effects on fry performance. As such, these results provide important insight into how elevated temperature events during egg incubation may affect early life history selection processes and survival in stages beyond when the stressor is experienced.     

甜橙乙烯诱导酯酶基因家族的进化

为了解甜橙乙烯诱导酯酶基因（Citrus sinensis Ethylene-induced esterase gene、CsEIE）家族成员的进化历 史与功能分化、检索比对了甜橙基因组尧TAIR 数据库尧Phytozome 数据库和NCBI EST 数据库中多个物种的EIE 家族 基因、分析了甜橙中该基因家族的全部18 个成员的基因结构尧染色体分布尧蛋白结构域尧保守序列尧基因表达尧进化 选择方向以及系统发生关系。结果表明、CsEIE 家族成员分布在4 条染色体中、通常呈串联重复排列;不同基因的外 显子数目变异范围为1~5;该基因家族绝大多数成员含有3 个保守基序。系统发生学分析结果显示、被子植物EIE 家 族基因聚为3 个分支、表明EIE 基因家族是在被子植物分支前就已存在的古老的多基因家族、家族成员目前的分布 现状是基因不断重复和丢失的结果。系统发生树中、甜橙CsEIE1~CsEIE8 属于同一分支、推测其是在柑桔与研究中 其他物种分化后经多次基因重复事件产生。该分支在其他被子植物中也同样有多个经独立基因重复事件形成的旁 系同源、而另外两支中发生的重复事件要少得多。表达分析结果显示、CsEIE 基因家族在转录活性尧表达模式上已经 出现了较大的分化。所有结果表明CsEIE 基因家族仍在扩张、各成员在经受不同的选择压力。