Open-design Recirculating Systems for Zebrafish Culture

The zebrafish is an established vertebrate-animal model in biomedical research. Currently, their mass culture is mainly done using systems provided by commercial suppliers. Commercial systems are compact, recirculating, and use auto-cleaning tanks. These features minimize space use, labour cost, and water wastage; thus, facilitating maintenance of a large number of zebrafish using minimal resources. However, the often considered costs associated with these systems often impose a barrier to current and prospective researchers, especially those with limited funds or working in labs with no access to institutional centralized zebrafish culture facilities. In contrast to commercial systems, custom-made zebrafish maintenance systems are also described in the literature. To distinguish custom-made system from commercial systems, we termed them as “open-design” systems. Open-design systems are cost-effective, modular, and frequently being improved by zebrafish researchers. However, for further development and to present them as a viable option for zebrafish researchers around the world, a review of their current status and technical understanding is required. Here, we compile the disparate data on the purpose and technological development of the open-design systems. We believe this review will be a valuable resource for all zebrafish users and help streamline the open-design technology for zebrafish culture.     

整叶类蔬菜清洗机设计与试验

针对整叶类蔬菜清洗过程中整叶、低损伤、有序的要求,设计了以气浴和水流为清洗动力的整叶类蔬菜清洗机。确定了清洗工艺流程,进行了清洗机整体结构设计,针对菜叶遇水粘附、上浮等清洗难点,模拟人工清洗过程,设计料筐周期性上下振动方式清洗。对清洗机清洗槽和过滤装置、气泡发生装置、水流喷射装置等关键部件进行设计,实现设备自动化运转。针对喷气管路进行流体动力学模拟仿真,对不同气流流速下的气相分布情况进行研究,确定气流流速范围为2~8m/s,用以指导风泵的选型。选定气流流速6m/s作为参数,对不同喷气孔径、喷气孔间距的管路进行模拟仿真,以气相分布均匀程度作为评价指标,得出最优管路参数为喷气孔径8mm、喷气孔间距50mm。以整棵菠菜为清洗物料,选定清洗量、清洗时间、气浴强度作为因素,各选定三水平,同时设定空白列,进行四因素三水平正交试验。清洗试验以破损率和洗净率作为评价指标,按照破损率和洗净率各占0.5的权重进行正交试验分析和方差分析。清洗试验结果表明,清洗量、清洗时间、气浴强度对菠菜洗净率、破损率影响显著,最佳菠菜清洗参数清洗量为4kg、清洗时间为120s、气浴强度为5m/s。     

Variability of pesticide residues in crop units

The results of 89 new field trials and 11 supervised trials were considered, together with 91 sets of residue data evaluated earlier. The datasets consisted of 22,643 valid residue data. As all variability factors calculated from individual sample sets are affected by the uncertainties of sampling and analysis, the average of the P(0.975)/R(ave) (97.5th percentile of the residue population divided by the average residues in the lot) values gives the best estimate for the variability factor. The Harrell-Davis (H-D) method gave an average value of 2.89 for the variability factor for all samples, while the average variability factors obtained from samples derived from the new field and supervised trials were 2.8 and 2.7 with the IUPAC and H-D methods respectively. The number of residue values below the LOQ in a sample set significantly affects the observed variability factors. It was found that datasets containing over 20% non-quantifiable residues might not reflect the true variability of the residues. Mixing of treated and non-treated commodities may significantly increase the apparent variability. Consequently, only datasets of known origin and consisting of well-quantifiable residues should be used for estimation of the variability factor. Samples taken from marketed lots may not represent a single lot, and thus they have limited value in estimating the variability factor. The large number of residue data confirms the applicability of the default variability factor of 3 adopted by the FAO/WHO for deterministic estimation of the acute intake of pesticide residues.     

蔬菜中13种有机磷农药基质效应研究

有机磷农药在农业生产中广泛应用,用气相色谱法进行农药残留检测容易产生基质效应,影响分析结果的可靠性,为研究用气相色谱法进行农残检测过程中有机磷农药在不同蔬菜中的基质效应,选取瓜类、茄果类、叶菜类3类常见蔬菜和13种有机磷农药进行研究,对影响基质效应的因素采取不同变量法进行分析,得出结论:有机磷农药在叶菜类蔬菜中基质效应最大;含有P=O键农药基质效应更强;基质含量越多基质效应越强,并对在检测如何减少基质效应给出了建议.     

基于云服务的棚室蔬菜智能终端系统设计与实现——以黑龙江省为研究案例

棚室蔬菜产业在黑龙江省农业转方式、调结构和供给侧改革中占有重要的战略地位。黑龙江省棚室蔬菜生产规模近年来发展较快,技术支撑需求也与日俱增。本研究针对黑龙江省棚室蔬菜发展规模与技术服务支撑能力不匹配的现状,提出了基于云服务的棚室蔬菜智能终端系统及关键技术的实现方法。本研究以专家服务为主、数据挖掘技术为辅,以物联网设备为感知手段、以智能手机为用户终端,利用云服务对知识、资源、物联网数据的整合配置能力,提供蔬菜专家及棚室蔬菜用户对信息获取、存储、分析和决策的高效解决方案。本研究的部分内容已在黑龙江省农业科研部门、企业、蔬菜合作社、农户等不同用户群体中实验应用,能够为专家提供棚室蔬菜生产环境的远程问诊手段,适用于各类棚室蔬菜应用场景。本研究还提出了对大规模应用场景下的技术解决方案建议,可在全国的棚室蔬菜生产中推广应用,实现更广泛高效的专家技术服务支撑。     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。     

百菌清烟剂在温室大棚蔬菜上残留研究

本文报导了百菌清烟剂在温室、塑棚蔬菜上的残留动态、检测方法及安全使用建议。百菌清烟剂用于温棚黄瓜防治病害,一般每亩用量为有效成分25g、最高用量40g、用药2次、收护间隔期1 d,残留量低于FAO/WHO推荐的允许残留量1.0mg/kg。用于温棚韭菜,每亩用量为有效成分30g,用药2次,最高用量50g,用药一次,收护间隔期3 d,残留量低于允许量1.0mg/kg。     

瓜类蔬菜子叶离体培养的研究进展

本文对瓜类蔬菜子叶离体培养的研究进行综述,包括再生途径、影响因素及应用等方面研究的进展,讨论了瓜类蔬菜子叶离体培养存在的问题和今后研究的重点。     

果蔬生物力学性质的研究进展及应用

果蔬生物力学性质的研究为果蔬机械加工装备、生产系统的设计、工艺过程的检测与控制提供更为科学、全面的理论基础和技术手段,其研究成果的应用对提高农业作业装备的设计水平具有重要作用。综述果蔬物料的常规力学性质、细观组织力学性质、流变力学特性和碰撞机械损伤力学特性的研究进展及应用。     

机器人在设施农业领域应用现状及发展趋势分析

机器人技术在设施农业领域的广泛应用,不仅大幅提升农业产量,也能够体现一个国家农业现代化科技水平。机器人操作系统ROS的兴起,逐渐成为国内外设施农业机器人研究开发的热点。对国内外机器人设施农业领域相关研究探讨分析,综述当前机器人在种苗嫁接移栽、喷药施肥、果蔬收获加工、畜禽健康养殖等设施农业领域方面的应用现状,总结归纳SLAM地图构建、自主导航、机器视觉三种机器人关键技术研究趋势,并对比分析路径规划中Dijkstra算法、BFS算法、A*算法的优缺点以及机器视觉在果蔬采摘分选等领域的发展趋势。面对农业向智慧农业方向发展,总结并展望设施农业机器人未来发展趋势。