Experimental integrated aquaculture of fish and red seaweeds in Northern Portugal

Three potentially valuable red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, Gracilaria bursa pastoris (S.G. Gmelin) P.C. Silva and Palmaria palmata (L.) O. Kuntze, collected in northern Portugal, were cultivated using the nutrient-rich effluents from a local turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) farm. The algae were cultivated in a two level cascade system. Several arrangements of the cascade system, stocking densities (3, 5, 7 and 8 kg m^− 2) and water fluxes (140 and 325 l h^− 1) were tested to optimize biomass yield and nitrogen uptake rate and efficiency. The yield and the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) uptake of the three species were highly seasonal. Palmaria could not survive culture conditions during the summer when water temperature was above 21 °C. In the spring, Palmaria had an average yield of 40.2 (± 12.80) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 and a nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) of 41.0% (± 17.26%). NUE expresses, in percentage, the average reduction in TAN concentration between the inflows and the outflows of the tanks. Chondrus performed better in summer with an average yield of 37.0 (± 11.10) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 and removing 41.3% (± 17.32%) of nitrogen. Gracilaria grew year round, but also performed better during spring/summer, producing an average of 29.1 (± 2.90) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1, and only 7.3 (± 5.08) g DW m^− 2 day^− 1 during autumn. Yield of C. crispus did not differ significantly when grown at two different stocking densities (5 kg m^− 2 and 8 kg m^− 2). On the other hand, Gracilaria had significantly higher yields at 5 than at 7 kg m^− 2. Better NUE, on average 76.7% (± 22.13%), was also obtained with 5 kg m^− 2 stocking density and only 63.8% (± 24.62%) with 7 kg m^− 2. The yield of Gracilaria increased significantly with the increase of water flux from 140 to 325 l h^− 1 and more nitrogen was removed from the water. However, NUE decreased from 48.4% to 33.4% at 140 and 325 l h^− 1, respectively. Biofiltration was highly improved by a cascade system with a NUE as high as 83.5%.     

麦田食蚜蝇资源、种群动态及保护利用

充分发挥食蚜蝇访花传粉和控制蚜虫种群的作用,摸清其种类资源和田间动态,对保护生态环境有重要意义。经多年调查,已知麦田常见食蚜蝇有10属23种,其中大灰后食蚜蝇、黑带垂边食蚜蝇、短翅细腹食蚜蝇为优势种群。麦田早春的4月中旬和5月中旬是出现成虫的2次高峰期。根据食蚜蝇周年转移规律,实施保越冬、保虫源、保转移的区域性保护利用技术体系,十分必要。     

Osseous cyst‐like lesions of the lateral intertubercular groove of the proximal humerus: A report of 5 cases

This report documents the case presentation, evaluation, treatment and outcome of 5 horses with an osseous cystlike lesion (OCLL) of the intertubercular groove of the proximal aspect of the humerus. In 3 of the 5 cases, delayed phase gamma scintigraphic findings demonstrated increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the region of the intermediate tubercle of the proximal humerus of the affected limb, demonstrating increased bone remodelling in this region. In 4 of the 5 horses, an OCLL was identified in the intermediate tubercle of the proximal humerus, and in one horse the OCLL was identified in the greater tubercle. Medial‐lateral and craniomedial‐caudolateral oblique radiographic views were helpful to see the lesions in all cases. Ultrasonography confirmed the location of the subchondral and fibrocartilage defect associated with the OCLL and confirmed communication of the cyst with the lateral intertubercular groove of the humerus in 3 of the 5 cases. Ultrasonography also confirmed a variable degree of bicipital tendonitis in 3 of the horses. OCLL of the lateral intertubercular groove of the proximal humerus should be considered in the evaluation of any mature horse with lameness isolated to the bicipital bursa. Development of these OCLL may be a result of trauma or altered limb biomechanics as a result of shoulder osteoarthritis or concurrent chronic lameness, which leads to disruption or thinning of the fibrocartilage, remodelling of the subchondral bone and subsequent cyst development.     

固始鸡中枢免疫器官细胞和自然凋亡细胞超微结构研究

应用透射电子显微镜技术,对固始鸡17日龄胚胎、4周龄和19周龄固始鸡正常发育的中枢免疫器官超微结构进行了研究。结果表明,固始鸡胚胎胸腺和法氏囊超微结构不同于4周龄和19周龄固始鸡;在中枢免疫器官内免疫细胞存在着自然凋亡现象,主要表现为细胞核的变化,其次是线粒体增生。核质凝集为新月形、C字形、圆环形、花瓣状等多种形态,凋亡细胞裂解为凋亡小体,最后被巨噬细胞吞噬。     

法氏囊活性肽对传染性法氏囊病毒弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果

将7日龄黄羽肉鸡300只均分为5组,即对照组、常规疫苗剂量配合活性肽组、常规疫苗剂量减半配合活性肽组、生理盐水组和活性肽组。通过间接ELISA测定血清抗体水平及计算法氏囊指数等试验方法,研究活性肽和传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗联合应用的免疫效果。结果表明:常规免疫剂量配合活性肽组和疫苗剂量减半配合活性肽组的法氏囊指数显著高于对照组,常规免疫剂量配合活性肽组的血清抗体滴度显著高于对照组,而常规剂量减半组与对照组在血清抗体滴度上差异不显著。说明活性肽对传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗有免疫增强作用,疫苗剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽应用能达到常规疫苗免疫效果。