Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Italian Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains suggests the evolution of local endemic populations of the pathogen and does not correlate with race distribution

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot in Brassicaceae. It is widespread in Italy and severe outbreaks occur under conditions that favour disease development. In this study a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) based on the partial sequence of seven loci was applied to a selection of strains representative of the main areas of cultivation and hosts. The aim was to investigate whether the long tradition of brassica crops in Italy has influenced the evolution of different Xcc populations. All loci were polymorphic; 14 allelic profiles were identified of which 13 were unique to Italian strains. Based on the seven loci, the most common genotype within the Italian Xcc strains (AP1) was also the most representative genotype found in worldwide Xcc strains. This genotype was included in a new clonal complex in addition to three other clonal complexes already identified in Xcc populations. The phylogenetic reconstruction using a concatenated dataset of four conserved protein-coding genes, dnaK, fuyA, gyrB and rpoD, showed that the Italian strains belonged to two genetic groups. Physiological races were also investigated for the first time in Italy. The race structure of Xcc was determined by inoculating eight differential Brassica lines belonging to five species and showed that, in Italy, race 4 is the most widespread, followed by races 1 and 6. No correlation was found between allelic profiles, host of isolation, geographical origin and races, although a prevalent race was identified within the same clonal complex.     

新疆沙漠放线菌XSS040811菌株抗生素合成条件

放线菌XSS040811菌株是从新疆吐鲁番鄯善县沙漠中采集的样品中分离获得的,该菌株能产生抗菌活性较高的抗生素,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黄曲霉具有不同程度的抑制作用;优化发酵培养基,发酵时间、pH条件对放线菌XSS040811菌株合成抗生素的影响。结果表明:发酵培养基A、发酵时间96 h、发酵温度30~35℃,pH值7.2~8.0为抗生素合成的最佳条件。根据该菌株在高氏I号和燕麦粉培养基上的生长特性、菌落和形态特征,初步鉴定为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。     

控释氮肥和尿素配比对不同品种夏玉米氮素累积、转移及其利用效率的影响

在黄淮海夏玉米生产区,不同控释氮肥和尿素的配比下,研究不同氮效率玉米品种的产量及其花前花后干物质和氮素累积分配规律,以及相应的氮素利用效率与经济效益,为该区域夏玉米氮肥高效施用提供理论与技术依据.试验采用裂区设计,周期为两年,以施氮处理为主区,设置0、180、300 kg·hm-23个施氮水平,并在180 kg·hm-...     

Predicting quantitative host plant resistance against phoma black stem in sunflower

Phoma black stem is an important disease in sunflower, against which no specific management method is currently deployed in France. Relevant phenotyping methods for quantitative resistance are critical for integration of this trait into breeding programmes. Components of resistance associated with physiological resistance, and morphological traits associated with disease escape were measured on 21 sunflower genotypes under growth chamber (on seedlings), greenhouse (on adult plants), and field conditions, together with disease intensity in the field. Potential predictors were first selected for sensitivity and robustness from mixed model anova s. Analyses involving ranking tests and logistic regressions were then performed to identify predictors for field resistance. The identification of predictors for resistance involved analyses conducted in two broad steps: process‐oriented experiments, and epidemic‐oriented experiments. This stepwise approach departs from many studies aimed at identifying predictors for field resistance, which rely mainly on the computation of correlation coefficients between predictors and measured field disease variables. Predictors for quantitative resistance were identified: (i) lesion length and lesion expansion on stems of plants before flowering stage, and (ii) lesion length on first leaf petioles of seedlings. A high number of leaves and tall plants were associated with disease escape. Control genotypes for susceptibility and quantitative resistance were identified, and implications for breeding and improvements were derived from this work.     

高质量发展下我国休闲农业知识产权保护研究

随着农业新业态迅猛发展,我国农业新业态新领域的知识产权保护显著滞后,尤其在休闲农业领域较为突出。加强相关领域知识产权保护,对于促进我国农业高质量发展和乡村振兴具有重要作用。但是由于休闲农业相关知识产权保护制度体系缺乏可借鉴的国际经验、制度执行缺少针对性的保护手段、新型经营主体知识产权保护意识差等问题,对休闲农业长期健康发展造成较大影响。因此,应基于对不同主体知识产权应用与保护诉求的充分了解,精准创设新型知识产权制度、加快管理方式创新、搭建多元参与平台,系统解决创意设计边界不清、农业资源权利主体模糊、技术更迭快过制度供给等问题。     

医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务

在介绍国内外图书馆为老年人服务的基础上,分析了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的优势,探讨了医学图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务的途径。     

提高母猪生产潜力与仔猪断奶体质量的措施

根据母猪的生长周期，改良哺乳母猪投料方式等，能充分挖掘母猪的生产潜力。加强仔猪的管理。能提高其生长速度，缩短把猪出栏时间，直接或间接的提高经济效益。     

人胰岛素原基因转染绵羊成纤维细胞及细胞株的建立

从动物耳皮肤组织采样 ,采用将组织块剪碎后直接贴附于培养瓶底部的方法进行原代培养 ,该方法使原代细胞出现率及可传代率均达到 10 0 %。根据上皮样细胞和成纤维样细胞贴壁紧实程度的不同 ,用 0 .0 5 %的胰蛋白酶-EDTA对其进行消化 ,可将两种不同类型的细胞进行分离和纯化。通过脂质体介导 ,以BLG -hINS(含乳球蛋白调控基因的人胰岛素原基因 )基因作为目的基因、GFP(绿色荧光蛋白 )基因作为标记基因共转染绵羊成纤维细胞 ,经G - 4 18筛选后 ,得到转染细胞。对转染的细胞分别用单细胞显微操作法和有限稀释法进行细胞克隆 ,两种方法均可得到克隆细胞。选形态正常、生长均匀的 5个细胞克隆进行PCR检测 ,结果 5个克隆均转有GFP基因 ,其中两个转有BLG -hINS基因。高代培养细胞、转染细胞和克隆细胞经核型分析后 ,染色体数目均为 2 7对 ,表明绵羊耳的成纤维细胞建立细胞株后 ,可以作为外源基因转染的有效供体细胞。     

大田栽培条件下刺五加光合日变化研究

以大田栽培条件下4a生刺五加为试材,进行光合日变化研究.结果表明:刺五加光合日变化有午休现象,光强以11:00～13:00为高,上午的光合速率较午后为高,在上午10:00左右光合速率达到最高;全光处理光强高于遮光处理200～500 lx左右,遮光处理光合作用弱于全光处理;全光处理光强一直在500 lx以上,光合速率降幅小,而遮光处理光强在下午15:00以后下降很快,低至100～400 lx,光合速率降幅大.遮光处理能使光强在400～1 200 lx范围内,满足刺五加对光的需求,较适于阴生植物的生长;而6月中旬与9月中旬光强低,光合速率也低,说明遮光过早和撤覆延迟能降低刺五加光合速率,因此,建议合理的遮光时间为6月中旬至8月下旬,以保证刺五加高效利用光能,提高光合速率.     

利用家蚕蛹人工繁殖自蛾周氏啮小蜂的研究

初步研究了利用家蚕蛹大量繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的可行性。观察了白蛾周氏啮小蜂在家蚕蛹上的发育历期,子代蜂的寿命及飞行能力,认为繁蜂的最佳蜂蛹比为15～20∶1;4次接蜂结果显示,周氏啮小蜂可以利用家蚕蛹连续繁殖,单蛹出蜂量及单雌产卵量均较高;利用家蚕蛹繁殖的白蛾周氏啮小蜂对国槐尺蛾蛹寄生率为76.7%,表明利用家蚕蛹繁殖的子代蜂对其他寄主具有较强的寄生能力。