Modifications to the New Soil Extractant H3A-1: A Multinutrient Extractant

Abstract

Leaf samples were collected from upper and lower crown positions at three times during the 1971 and 1972 growing seasons for planted black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) trees on the Kaskaskia Experimental Forest in Hardin County, Illinois. The average dry weight of leaves was affected by crown position and time of year. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were affected by season, but not by crown position. The content of all elements tested and the concentrations of Ca and Mg increased with season while concentrations of N, P, and K decreased as the season progressed. Suggestions for sampling dates are given.     

Evaluation of Mehlich 3 as a Universal Nutrient Extractant for Australian Sugarcane Soils

This study evaluated the suitability of the Mehlic h3 universal extractant as a part of a multielement test to assess the nutrient status of Australian sugarcane soils. Soil samples from BSES Soil Exchange Programs, representing all major soil types and geographic sugarcane-growing regions, were analyzed using existing BSES, acid-based extraction methods for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus (P) and the ASPAC 10B3 method for sulfur (S). These were compared with the Mehlich 3 procedure. Mehlich 3 results for Ca, Mg, Na, S, and Mn correlated highly with the BSES procedures (R² = 0.95, 0.98, 0.99, 0.91, and 0.91, respectively). Satisfactory correlations were also obtained with 0.1 M HCl–extracted Zn, Cu, and Fe (R² = 0.89, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively) and with the BSES sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)–extracted P (R² = 0.81). The poorest correlation (R² = 0.79) was observed for K. In conclusion, the Mehlich 3 procedure is suitable as a diagnostic tool to assess the basic nutrient status of Australian sugarcane soils.     

Development and Validation of a New Soil Universal Extractant: 0.02 Molar Strontium Chloride

Abstract

In this experiment, when the strontium chloride–citrate acid extractant (0.02 M SrCl₂–0.05 M citrate) was used for extraction of calcareous soils with calcium carbonate greater than 70 g kg^?1, the filtrate was turbid. Furthermore, white precipitation appeared when this extract was used for phosphorus determination with the Murphy and Riley method. As the concentration of citrate in strontium chloride–citrate acid extractant decreased to 0.025 or 0 M, the filtrate became clean. Further experiments indicated that the 0.02 M SrCl₂ extractant could be used as a universal extractant for soil nitrate+nitrite and potassium; the extracted nitrate+nitrite and potassium significantly correlated with nitrogen and potassium phytoavailability, respectively, determined with ryegrass pot experiment (P<0.05). Thus, the 0.02 M SrCl₂ was recommended as a universal extractant for soil nitrate+nitrite and potassium.     

Evaluation of Ammonium Bicarbonate–Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid as a Multinutrient Extractant for Acidic Lowland Rice Soils

Abstract

Simultaneous extraction of nutrients using ammonium bicarbonate–diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (ABDTPA) extractant has been successful for highland soils, but its potential for lowland soils is still uncertain. This study evaluated the suitability of ABDTPA extractant to determine available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in lowland rice soils of Sri Lanka. Available nutrients were analyzed both by conventional and ABDTPA methods, using the original ABDTPA (1∶2 soil–extractant) method as well as a modified (1∶4 soil–extractant) method. Conventional methods tested were Olsen, Bray 1, and FeO strip for available P; neutral NH₄OAc extraction for exchangeable Ca, Na, K, and Mg; and DTPA extraction for available Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn. Nutrient content and uptake by plants were determined by a pot experiment with rice (Oryza sativa). Nutrients extracted by the conventional methods and ABDTPA methods correlated well, in general, for all nutrients. Highly significant correlations were observed between plant uptake and extractable nutrients by 1∶2 and 1∶4 ABDTPA methods for P (r=0.85***and 0.73***, respectively), K (r=0.79*** and 0.66***, respectively), Na (r=0.86*** and 0.78***, respectively), Zn (r=0.66*** and 0.60***, respectively), Mn (r=0.72*** and 0.84***, respectively), and Fe (r=0.74*** and 0.68***, respectively). Calcium and Mg extracted by ABDTPA showed a poor relationship with their respective plant uptake. The ABDTPA method was as effective as or even better than the conventional methods in evaluating fertility status of lowland rice soils with respect to most nutrients. Replacing the conventional methods by the single ABDTPA multielement extractant will reduce the time and cost of soil analysis.     

7－取代－8－羟基喹啉从碱性铝溶液中萃取镓的研究

研究了７－取代－８－羟基喹啉从碱性铝溶液中萃取镓时的萃取效率，认为Ｎ－６０１是一种有工业应用前途的萃取剂。同时，还探索了添加剂加速萃取的效果，结果表明，环烷酸是一种好的添加剂。     

石灰性土壤有效硼浸提剂的评价

以采自北京、河北的14个石灰性土壤所进行的微钵栽培番茄所吸收的硼量作为参比标准,研究了曾用于土壤有效硼测定的7种浸提剂的测定值于参比项的相关性。试验结果表明:沸水与沸0.01 mol·L~(-1) CaCl_2溶液浸出硼量基本相同;沸水硼、沸 CaCl_2-B、Morgan-B 和Mehlich 3-B 与番茄植株相对吸硼量的相关系数分别为0.774,0.783,0.764和0.771,均达到极显著水平。说明这4种浸提剂浸出硼量均可作为表征土壤有效硼含量的指数。稀 HCl、NH_4OAc-HOAc 和 DTPA 浸提剂则不适合于石灰性土壤有效硼的浸提。     

马尾松单板脱脂的工艺研究

本研究采用马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)单板的多样品在多状态、多溶剂的类型下,进行脱脂试验,确定了较好的萃取剂和工艺条件;还从不同的角度对溶剂的回收工艺、回收率和回收设备进行了探讨,为工业化生产提供了实验依据。     

Mehlich3通用浸提剂的研究

Ｍｅｈｌｉｃｈ３试剂（简称Ｍ３）是适用于多类土壤，多种大量和微量养分元素测试的能浸提剂，但对石灰性土壤尚少与生物相关研究的报道。本文以微钵栽培番茄和甜菜的微量元素吸收量及常用法测试值为参比项，对Ｍ３－ＩＣＰ法用于京，冀石灰土壤作了较详细的相关研究。结果表明，Ｍ３－Ｂ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｋ，Ｍｎ，Ｐ，Ｚｎ值分别与对应的常用法测定值都有极好相关发。Ｍ３－Ｂ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｚｎ，Ａｌ，Ｍｇ，Ｎａ值与两种植     

虎舌红总生物碱的提取

以虎舌红(Ardisia mamillata)为原料,就不同提取剂和操作条件对其总生物碱提取率的影响进行了研究.结果表明,采用酸性乙醇提取要优于酸性水溶液;在60℃下,以pH≈3、φ(C2H5OH)=75%浸泡虎舌红8~10 h,可获得1.36%的提取率;同时考察了活性炭在去除生物碱提取液中的杂质成分的适宜用量.     

土壤有效硫测试方法的探讨

通过盆栽试验,研究植物全硫与土壤有效硫的相关性,对4种不同的浸提剂进行优选,在选定浸提剂的情况下对土壤有效硫的测试方法进行改进,最后通过准确度和精密度试验对改进后的方法进行了验证。筛选了一种较理想的土壤有效硫评价方法和指标并予以统一,以指导合理施用硫肥。