粮食通风储藏的数学描述问题

文章从三方面介绍了粮食通风储藏的数学描述问题，即数学描述粮食通风储藏的基础知识，通过粮仓中热和质量传递的连续方程之体积平均形式；通风粮仓中热和质量传递的数学描棕。通过各种方程式具体描述了粮食通风储藏这个技术问题，并从而使这个技术问题系统化，理论化。     

Prediction of the Economic Development for the Circumjacent Reservoir Region of the Longtan Hydropower Project Using Grey Quantitative Analog

In order to overcome some technical difficulties,we adopt ingenously the grey models combined with the quantitative analog method,and select the Dan Jiangkou Project which has accumulated practical operation data for a long time as the analog project to predict the economic influence for the circumjacent reservoir region of the Longtan hydropower project.On the basis of analog we have built various industrial economic grey models,and compare them with the corresponding predictions for the unconstructed reservoir case.The predictions of the former are greatly larger than the later ones.and hence provides a certain scientific basis for the central leaders to make a decision for constructing the huge hydropower project ultimateiy.     

温室逐时参考作物腾发量的估算

为建立适合逐时计算温室ET0的模型,基于自然气象条件下的逐时Penman-Monteith(PM)公式,对其空气动力项进行修正得到了温室条件下的修正PM公式.并对比了修正PM公式与PM公式计算得到的温室逐时ET0.结果表明,修正PM公式与PM公式计算的温室逐时ET0年内变化趋势基本相同,但修正PM公式得出的逐时ET0负值较少,稳定性较高.修正PM公式计算的逐时ET0与时平均气温、时最高气温、时最低气温及时平均相对湿度有极好的相关性.     

圆形无压隧洞恒定渐变流水面线计算的近似法

基于恒定渐变流基本微分方程,采用数值分析理论,得到流程与始、末段水深的解析函数,通过该函数可直接计算沿程水面线。该方法比《水工隧洞设计规范》中推荐的分段求和试算法更简单、便捷,特别对水深较敏感段。规范推荐试算法误差较大,并且逐段试算推求水深,将导致末端断面水深误差逐步累积,误差大,精度下降。通过工程实例计算比较得出:新解析法计算结果与规范推荐法(程序)计算结果基本一致,甚至优于规范推荐的分段试算法,完全满足工程实践要求。     

The Feasible Control for the Day-operation of the Three-Gorge Cascade Hydropower Station

The feasible control problem is presented for the day-operation of the Three-Gorge Caseade Hydropower Station. The significance of the problem is explained. Basic propetties ofthe problem and the approaches to study it are discussed. Two methfods are given for solving theproblem. which are calculus of variation and linear programming. In the former. the Euler equationwith time-lag and the generalised two-point boundary conditions are obtained and the correspondingpractical implication is interpreted. In the latter. the rationality for the discrete model is exptainedand the computalional details are given for the implement software. some questions which should bepaid much attentfon and the corresponding propeels are prasented based on the numerical results andtheoretical analysis     

On System Stability under Random Perturbations

In this paper we concider the problem of stability of stochastic evolution systemsin Hilbert space drived by a cylindrical Brownian mothin. We regard the stochestic evolutionequation dXt = AXtdt +G(Xt)dBt as a deterministic system of the form dXt=AXtdt under randomperturbation,and obtain stability of its solution. It is shown that under certain assumptions,itsevolution solution and L2-contimuous evulution solution are exponertially stable.     

Characterization of zinc adsorption sites in two mineral soils

The adsorption of Zn, as compared with Mg, on two mineral soils, which differed in their major cation-exchange materials and with and without Ca-saturation, was measured in the presence of free CaCl₂.

The adsorption of Zn as well as Mg occurred on cation-exchange sites. The Zn adsorption data conformed to a two-term Langmuir equation. The presence of two kinds of adsorption sites and their numbers and bonding energies were deduced. However, the Langmuir approach was not adopted on the basis of comparison between the total number of the adsorption sites for Zn deduced and the CEC of the soils.

As an alternative approach, the selectivity coefficient as defined by the equation:

was calculated for each adsorption equilibrium and plotted against the amount of Zn adsorbed. This [Zn]_soil plot was used to estimate the capacities of the soil to adsorb Zn with specified affinities. The value varied between 1 and 1,000, whereas the corresponding value varied only between 0.5 and 1. The value was dependent upon the amount of Zn adsorbed, the status of exchangeable cations, and the major cation-exchange materials (montmorillonite VS. allophane-imogolite) in the soils. The importance of surface OH groups in allophane-imogolite as specific adsorption sites for Zn was suggested.     

Calibration of Hargreaves–Samani equation for estimating reference evapotranspiration in semiarid and arid regions

The Penman–Monteith (FAO-56 PM) equation is suggested as the standard method for estimating evapotranspiration (ET₀) by the International Irrigation and Drainage Committee and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). On the other hand, the Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation is an alternative method compared with the FAO-56 PM equation. In the present study, the original coefficient C of the HS equation is calibrated based on the FAO-56 PM equation for estimating the reference ET₀ from 15 meteorological stations in central Iran (about 170,000 km²) under semiarid and arid conditions. After calibration, the new values for C are ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0037. The mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the ratio of average estimations of ET₀ (R) values for all stations are ranged from 0.12 to 5.38, ?5.35 to 1.15 mm d^?1 and 0.64 to 1.28 for the HS equation and from 0.12 to 2.48, ?2.2 to 0.60 mm d^?1, and 1.00 to 1.05 for the calibrated Hargreaves–Samani equation (CHS), respectively. Results indicate that the average RMSE and MBE values are decreased by 40% and 66%, respectively. Relationships for calibrating the C coefficient on the basis of annual average of daily temperature range (ΔT) and wind speed (V) are proposed, calibrated, and validated. Hence, the CHS equation can be used for ET₀ estimates with acceptable accuracy instead of the FAO-56 PM method.     

大棚温室作物需水量计算模型研究进展

对目前国内外大棚温室作物需水量计算模型的研究进展进行了归纳总结,在此基础上指出：基于不同气候（主要是室内外气候耦合的相关度）条件下应使用不同的计算模型,并建议对大棚温室微气候复杂的动态系统进行数值模拟及建模,有利于进一步提高计算室内作物需水量模型的精度。     

基于水量平衡的宁夏引黄灌区广义生态耗水量计算

基于区域的水量平衡理论,对宁夏引黄灌区的广义生态耗水量进行计算,同时对灌区生态耗水量与灌区引黄水量的关系也进行了研究。研究结果表明:灌区各年的广义生态耗水总量差别并不大,没有表现出非常强烈的上升或下降趋势,耗水量的小范围变动与灌区引黄水量关系不明显。