Carbon stocks and carbon fluxes from a 10‐year prescribed burning chronosequence on a UK blanket peat

Prescribed burning is a common land management technique in many areas of the UK uplands. However, concern has been expressed at the impact of this management practice on carbon stocks and fluxes found in the carbon‐rich peat soils that underlie many of these areas. This study measured both carbon stocks and carbon fluxes from a chronosequence of prescribed burn sites in northern England. A range of carbon parameters were measured including above ground biomass and carbon stocks; net ecosystem exchange (NEE), net ecosystem respiration (R_eco) and photosynthesis (P_g) from closed chamber methods; and particulate organic carbon (POC). Analysis of the CO₂ data showed that burning was a significant factor in measured CO₂ readings but that other factors such as month of sampling explained a greater proportion of the variation in the data. Carbon budget results showed that whereas all the plots were net sources of carbon, the most recent burn scars were smaller sources of carbon compared with the older burn scars, suggesting that burning of Calluna‐dominated landscapes leads to an ‘avoided loss’ of carbon. However, this management intervention did not lead to a transition to a carbon sink and that for carbon purposes, active peat‐forming conditions are desirable.     

呼伦贝尔地区苜蓿人工草地CO_2通量变化特征

试验采用密闭箱技术对呼伦贝尔地区种植的苜蓿人工草地进行碳通量研究,采用反硝化-分解作用模型(DNDC)进行模拟。试验结果表明:对苜蓿人工草地CO2通量24h连续观测发现,CO2通量全天变化的平均值(238.15mg/(m2·h)与11∶00(245.32mg/(m2·h)的通量变化值接近,试验从早上9∶00~11∶00进行温室气体的采集方法合理、可行;在整个生长季变化表明,7、8月CO2通量变化较显著(P0.05),且受到降水的影响较大,伴随降水的发生,CO2通量会发生不同幅度的变化,土壤温度和含水量对CO2通量有一定的影响(r0.45,P0.05);通过DNDC模型的模拟,能较好的反映苜蓿人工草地CO2通量的变化情况,但模拟结果数值普遍有些偏高。     

三维可视化平台下建模分析以及数据的交换——以广州大学为例

使用了三维GIS技术对区域建筑进行虚拟,首先采用ArcGIS to SketchUP6Plugin插件将具有空间参考坐标的广州大学建筑楼的地理数据导入SketchUP,在其中建立带有贴图的精细的广州大学建筑三维模型,最后将三维模型导回Arcscene中进行三维显示及分析。     

闽台葡萄种植关键技术比较与合作思考

以2011年5月16日中国农学会葡萄分会和台湾21世纪农业发展基金会在福建省福安市召开的海峡两岸葡萄科技合作恳谈会为契机,总结比较了闽台葡萄种植的五项关键性技术,并对闽台葡萄产业的合作发展提出建议。     

玉米不同自交系幼苗光合对 UV-B 辐射增强的响应

为了探讨玉米不同自交系对UV-B辐射增强的响应，在摸拟光照培养条件下，研究了增强UV-B辐射对玉米不同自交系气体交换参数的影响。结果表明，五叶期UV-B辐射处理6 d后，供试的48个自交系中近一半以上材料的幼苗叶片光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著降低10％以上，其材料比例分别为64．6％，47．9％，54．2％；而有62.5％的材料胞间CO2浓度表现为显著增加；相关分析发现，气孔导度与蒸腾速率对UV-B辐射增强的响应值间存在极显著正相关关系；根据气体交换参数对UV-B辐射增强的响应程度将48个材料分成6类，其中对增强UV-B辐射反应比较敏感的材料和能够忍耐UV-B辐射增强的材料均占12．5％。说明玉米不同自交系幼苗叶片气体交换参数对UV-B辐射增强反应敏感程度具有显著的基因型差异，从中能够筛选出对UV-B辐射增强反应敏感和有忍耐能力的材料。     

翅片管加热器换热过程综合能量特性研究

在研究翅片管加热器传热性能及流阻性能的基础上，依据热力学理论，利用不可逆过程Ｙｏｎｇ分析，着重分析管速换热过程的能量特性，将换热过程的传热性能与流阻性能有机地结合提出便于工程实际应用的能量特性分析准则函数。依此探讨管束换热过程特征参数对综合能量利用性能的影响，指导翅片管加热器能量的高效利用，并与光管加热器进行了比较分析。     

Saturation and Parameter Variation Influence Precision of Observer

The authors analyze the influence in vector controlled induction machine caused by parameter variation and main flux saturation affects speed estimation of adaptive state observer. According to simulation of the modified scheme with saturated induction motor model, it is proved that when the vector control scheme operates in field weakening region, the main flux saturation will obviously influence precision of speed observer and bring great error of speed estimation. Thereby, the main flux saturation should be compensated to improve performance of the vector control system.