杀青方式对机采绿茶理化品质的影响

为了提高茶树机采绿茶杀青品质,以机采鲜叶为原料,比较微波、汽热、电热滚筒和电磁滚筒耦合热风4种杀青方式所制机采绿茶的感官品质、茶叶内含成分、色泽和香气。结果显示：电磁滚筒耦合热风杀青所制绿茶的感官得分（89分）最高,所制干茶的色相值（a/b）相对更绿（p<0.01）,酚氨比较低（p<0.05）,非酯型儿茶素、酯型儿茶素和儿茶素总量也相对较低（p<0.01）;电磁滚筒杀青所制绿茶的栗香型成分含量较高,如藏红花醛、癸醛、β-环柠檬醛、庚醛和3,7-二甲基-2,6-二辛烯醛等高级醛类,香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗酮和1-戊烯-3-酮,反式-2-辛烯醇、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇等,以及二甲硫、2-甲基呋喃和1-乙基吡咯等杂环化合物,说明电磁滚筒耦合热风杀青集成了不同工艺特点,所制机采绿茶滋味鲜爽,栗香明显,该工艺有利于提高机采绿茶品质,对实际生产具有指导作用。     

基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒在水稻中的重组结构

应用Southern杂交和引物组合PCR技术研究了基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒（包括启动子、编码区和终止子）在水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中的重组结构。bar基因表达盒的多个拷贝通过重组连接形成1～3个转基因串联子,彼此邻近整合在受体基因组内一个较大的染色体区域,不同转基因串联子之间由水稻基因组DNA间隔,形成转基因簇。bar基因表达盒形成转基因串联子时,存在头接头、头接尾、尾接尾3种连接方式,通常伴随着bar基因片段的截短。     

2001～2012 年国审玉米品种数量及骨干自交系的应用分析

搜集和整理2001～2012年国审普通玉米杂交种及其双亲来源,研究每年国审玉米品种数量的变化趋势,对选育的杂交种在2个以上的亲本自交系进行统计,并分析这些自交系的来源。结果发现,普通玉米杂交种2006年审定的数量最多,2003年其次,2007年以后普通玉米杂交种的审定数量在10～20个。在对2001～2012年间国审玉米杂交种亲本来源的分析发现,共有39个亲本自交系组配2个及其以上杂交种,组配杂交种比较多的自交系依次为吉853>丹598>lx9801>昌7-2>京2416>丹340。     

道路和居民点对锡林郭勒草地风蚀参数的影响

土壤风蚀是锡林郭勒草地主要的生态环境问题之一,区域内道路和居民点对草地风蚀有重要影响而尚未受到足够的关注与研究。将遥感影像目视解译提取的道路和居民点信息,与表征土壤性质、地表植被覆盖等方面的8个风蚀参数进行空间叠加,采用掩膜处理等GIS方法分析各参数的空间变化特征,以探究道路和居民点对风蚀地表参数的影响。结果表明:距道路和居民点越近,植被覆盖率、高度均减小,表层土壤砂粒含量增加,土壤容重变大;居民点对风蚀参数影响的最大距离为2 000 m,道路为400 m;在影响距离内,植被覆盖各参数变化幅度大于土壤性质各参数,居民点对风蚀参数的影响大于道路;道路和居民点明显增加了周边区域的风蚀危险性,因此进行风蚀评价与估算时,应在相关指标体系与模型中考虑道路和居民点这两个影响因子。该研究可以为草原风蚀机理研究、风蚀治理提供科学参考。     

粒状碎屑溜砂坡树根桩固砂防护技术

 粒状碎屑溜砂坡综合加固防护技术包含控制封闭砂源区、稳定砂坡体和保护砂坡脚3部分措施。从稳定砂坡体和保护砂坡脚的一般措施入手,通过野外调查和室内模型试验,探讨花管微型树根桩固砂机制、设计要点及固砂技术。     

超微细菌Glaciecola多糖的超声提取工艺研究

多糖已作为免疫药物，应用于心血管疾病的临床治疗。研究了超微细菌Glaciecola多糖适宜的提取方法。通过研究常规水浸提法中不同料液比、提取温度和时间对细菌多糖得率、黏度和表面张力的影响，以及超声提取对多糖得率、黏度和表面张力的影响，结果表明：提取时间对多糖得率和多糖黏度均存在着显著的影响(p<0.05)，细菌多糖的适宜提取条件为料水比1∶15，提取温度在100℃左右，提取时间4～6 h。超声强化处理能显著提高超微细菌多糖的得率，降低提取液的表面张力(p<0.05)，超声强化处理后提取2 h的多糖得率，可达未处理前提取6 h的水平；超声提取条件以选择10～15 min、100 W功率，提取4 h为宜。超微细菌Glaciecola多糖的得率可达8.82%。     

作物茬口与施肥对连作大豆虫食率的影响

为了研究苜蓿、玉米和大豆3种茬口与施肥对连作大豆虫食率的影响,2003-2005年在黑龙江龙镇农场采用两因素有重复完全随机试验,3年的连作大豆虫食率结果表明,茬口主效应和施肥主效应的互作对连作大豆虫食率的影响不显著,并且二者互作的各组合虫食率变化也没有明显的规律;施肥主效应对连作大豆虫食率有显著和极显著的影响,但施肥类型和施肥量对连作大豆虫食率的影响也没有发现规律性;2003年和2004年茬口主效应对连作大豆虫食率影响不显著,但2005年茬口主效应对连作大豆虫食率有极显著影响,从3年分析结果看,大豆茬上连作大豆的虫食率都相应高于同年苜蓿茬和玉米茬上连作大豆的虫食率,说明连作大豆年分越长,虫食率有加重的趋势。     

面向蔬菜病虫害视频移动获取的网络互通网关设计

网络互通问题是限制移动视频获取的关键技术瓶颈,为解决此问题,在前期关于视频分割、压缩、标注、检索等一系列研究基础上,设计出面向移动视频获取的网络互通网关,最终实现蔬菜病虫害视频的移动获取。首先对视频电话网络和IP网络的网络协议3G-324M和H.323进行了详细分析。进而基于不同网络协议原理的分析,设计出3G-324M与H.323的互通网关,包括信令网关和媒体网关两部分:信令网关负责处理信令(信号),实现视频电话网与IP网络间呼叫层面和系统层面的控制和互通;媒体网关负责数据传输,实现视频电话网与IP网络间媒体和数据层面的控制和互通。最终基于前期的研究基础和本文设计的网络互通网关,构建了蔬菜病虫害知识视频移动获取模型,实现了蔬菜病虫害的视频移动获取。此外还对视频获取模型进行对比试验,通过与传统方法的比较,证明所设计的网络互通网关和移动视频获取模型具有理论和实用价值。     

基于博弈论赋权的灌溉用水效率GRA—TOPSIS评价模型

在构建区域灌溉用水效率综合评价指标体系的基础上,运用博弈论(Game theory,GT)思想将层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)所得主观权重与改进熵值法(Improved entropy value method,IEVM)所得客观权重进行综合集成以获取组合权值,并将灰色关联分析(Gray relation analysis,GRA)与逼近理想解排序(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)相结合,以三江平原10个大型灌区为例进行验证,对区域灌溉用水效率作综合评价。采用Spearman等级相关系数检验灌溉水有效利用系数排序与GRA-TOPSIS法排序,得到的相关系数高达0.863,且GRA-TOPSIS法、GRA法、TOPSIS法对同一灌区综合排序的位次相差均不超过2,表明评价结果具有合理性和一致性;GRA-TOPSIS法所得综合值的极差为0.343,变异系数为0.267,均高于单独使用GRA法或TOPSIS法的极差与变异系数,更有利于对灌区灌溉用水效率进行辨识分区。此外,根据目标层与准则层排序差异度将灌区分为3类,辨识各灌区灌溉用水效率主控因子,对区域灌溉用水效率发展策略的制定具有参考价值。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.