上海孙桥河道淡水青虾人工放流与群体数量的估算

本文主要研究了上海市川沙县孙桥河道的水环境条件，青虾育苗与放流后群体分布、产量及群体数量估算的结果。本河道水温适宜，多数河段水质良好，适宜青虾生长；通过青虾产量统计和群体数量估算，证明人工放流青虾的效果较好，放流后3年产量（3268．95kg）是放流前3年产量（1451．23kg）的2．25倍。     

鳜塘水体理化因子昼夜变化及相关性研究

通过对鳜塘水体部分理化因子昼夜检测及藻类的观察 ,分析了塘水重要理化因子昼夜变化情况。结果表明 ,不同鳜塘溶氧、pH值昼夜升降变化规律基本一致 ,总铵、亚硝酸盐氮、磷酸盐磷昼夜变化因塘而异。鳜塘生态因子的统计分析还显示 ,磷酸盐磷与异氧细菌数 (r2 8=0 30 )相关性最大 ,其次是与溶氧 (r2 8=0 2 4 ) ;亚硝酸盐氮与叶绿素a呈负相关 (r2 8=- 0 35) ;总铵与多数因子呈负相关 ,但相关不显著     

池塘虾蟹生态养殖微孔管道增氧高产高效养殖试验

利用微孔管道增氧技术,进行池塘虾蟹生态养殖试验。结果表明,在16675m2池塘中收获河蟹2800kg,平均单产达112kg/667m2,平均效益达7500元/667m2。微孔管道增氧技术对虾蟹养殖增产增效作用明显。     

海南省对虾产业发展现状与前景展望

从对虾苗种生产、对虾养殖、对虾饲料、行业组织等方面分析了海南省对虾产业发展现状,并分析了海南省对虾产业的发展趋势,如对虾产业链逐渐完善、遗传育种研究逐渐开展、养殖模式多样化、品牌意识逐渐加强等,最后从生态环境和自然资源优势方面对海南省对虾产业发展前景进行了展望。     

Pigment deficiency correction in shrimp broodstock using Spirulina as a carotenoid source

In this study, an effort was made to cure the pigment deficiency syndrome (PDS) exhibited by pond‐reared Fenneropenaeus indicus (H.Milne Edwards) broodstock, using the blue‐green algae Spirulina as a carotenoid source in diet. The PDS symptoms included bleaching of ovary and reduced early larval performance. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced quantity of total carotenoids in egg and nauplii from the females with PDS. When PDS females were fed 30 g kg^?1Spirulina‐supplemented diet immediately after the appearance of symptoms, the egg and nauplii carotenoid values improved gradually and attained the pre‐PDS values after a minimum of 4 week period. Spirulina supplementation also improved significantly (P < 0.05) the spawn quality (hatch per spawn, nauplii per spawn, nauplii viability) and larval quality indices (P < 0.05). The egg and nauplii protein values exhibited a trend similar to carotenoids, confirming the influence of latter on protein stability previously reported by researchers. The study confirms the bioavailability of carotenoids from Spirulina to shrimp broodstock and recommends its regular inclusion in diet to preclude carotenoid deficiency‐related problems in shrimp hatcheries.     

食品级过氧化氢对染菌虾仁杀菌效果研究

就新型杀菌技术-过氧化氢杀菌在虾仁加工过程中的应用进行了初步探讨。结果表明:过氧化氢对虾仁的适宜作用条件为:有效过氧化氢浓度1·27g·L-1,作用时间为2min,浸泡液与样品的比例为2:1或浸没样品。过氧化氢溶液受温度影响较大,溶液于低温下放置,随放置时间的延长,有效过氧化氢浓度逐渐降低,操作过程宜在低温条件下进行。过氧化氢溶液处理后的样品宜进行适度的水洗处理,以便去除大量残留在虾仁表面的过氧化氢,同时可以阻止残留过氧化氢对虾仁有机质成分的进一步氧化。     

加快创意农业发展的实践与思考——以浙江德清青虾产业为例

通过分析浙江德清县青虾产业的创意发展历程,得出了德清青虾产业发展的几点启示,并提出了把创意农业提上政府工作日程、加强创意农业文化建设、提高创意农业知名度、丰富农业品牌文化内涵等对策建议。     

垂直流-水平潜流一体化人工湿地对菜地废水的净化效果

广州市番禺区东升农场菜地废水未经处理直接排入水生植物塘,最终流入附近河流,由于菜地废水水质较差,对其造成了严重的污染,严重威胁了附近居民的饮水安全。为了提高菜地出水水质,减轻对河流的污染,通过构建垂直流-水平潜流一体化人工湿地,对菜地废水进行净化处理。湿地经过9个月的运行,结果显示,湿地对COD、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别达56.40%、79.09%和79.79%以上,COD、NH4+-N和TP出水平均浓度分别为9.45、0.47mg.L-1和0.06mg.L-1,均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅱ类水质标准。湿地对TN的平均去除率较低,仅为35.08%,通过补充甘蔗叶作为碳源,湿地对TN的平均去除率显著提高,但随着碳源投加量的增加,去除率逐渐降低。本实验碳源投加量以1.62kg.m-3为宜,TN的平均去除率最高,达80.85%,出水TN平均浓度从3.06mg.L-1降低至0.90mg.L-1。     

明轮驱动虾塘自主导航投饵船设计与可靠性试验

基于明轮驱动的虾塘投饵船能够适应养殖池塘复杂的环境、满足全塘抛撒的要求,可靠性是其进行推广的关键。采用滚塑工艺设计了全封闭投饵船体,利用免油脂润滑不锈钢链轮和明轮作为驱动机构,以避免对水体的污染,螺旋输送饵料装置可满足船载投饵过程中重心位置稳定的要求,通过GPS+电子罗盘的方式实现了自主导航定位和姿态控制需求。根据虾塘投饵和控制性能要求,进行投饵船直线运动和转弯运动模型的构建,采用PID航向、航速运动控制算法进行巡航路径控制,池塘测试平均速度为0.72m/s,直行和转弯最大偏航量分别为0.8m和0.5m。40d的养殖塘现场试验结果表明,自主导航投饵船在复杂路径下运行平稳,可满足虾塘饵料投喂要求,同时对强风、大雨等恶劣环境进行了可靠性测试,发现并解决了相关问题。     

Effects of Rice-Fish Co-culture on Oxygen Consumption in Intensive Aquaculture Pond

Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.