3种地锦草总黄酮和鞣质质量分数及体外抗菌活性比较

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定陕西产地锦、斑地锦、小叶地锦总黄酮和鞣质质量分数,应用微量肉汤稀释法测定其在体外对大肠埃希菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)。结果表明,地锦、斑地锦、小叶地锦的总黄酮质量分数分别为16.53、18.62、22.65mg/g,鞣质质量分数分别为38.31、32.78、41.44mg/g。地锦、斑地锦、小叶地锦对大肠埃希菌MIC、MBC均为125g/L,对鼠伤寒沙门菌MIC分别为62.5、31.25、62.5g/L,MBC分别为125、62.5、250g/L,对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC分别为125、31.25、62.5g/L,MBC分别为250、125、62.5g/L,对无乳链球菌MIC分别为125、62.5、125g/L,MBC分别为125、250、125g/L。陕西产斑地锦,尤其是小叶地锦为中药地锦草的潜在新基原。     

海南龙血树的组织培养与快速繁殖

以海南龙血树的顶芽和侧芽作为外植体,把其接种于MS＋BA1mg/L＋NAA0．1mgg/L＋PVP100 mg/L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养40-50d可诱导其腋芽萌发,再把萌发后所形成的新芽切割下来接种于MS＋BA 2mg／L＋KT 0．5mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L的培养基上培养25-30d可诱导形成丛生芽,丛生芽在继代培养过程中每25-30d可增殖3～5倍。把丛生芽分割成单株并接种于MS＋BA3mg厂L＋GA,1mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养4周后使其壮苗后再接种于MS＋NAA0．5～1．0mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养4周可诱导小芽形成完整的根系,小植株移栽成活率可达98％。该体系的建立为海南龙血树的工厂化育苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

绿孔雀在中国的现状及保护策略

绿孔雀曾分布于中国南方多个省份,由于人类活动等因素的影响,绿孔雀分布区不断退缩,野生种群数量持续下降。目前绿孔雀在中国仅见于云南省,呈斑块化分布,数量约500只,已变得罕见。根据相关资料,从绿孔雀生物学特性、野生种群数量、分布区现状、种群结构和种群隔离几方面分析中国绿孔雀面临的灭绝风险,在就地保护的前提下,重点探讨易地保护策略。提出人工繁育,建立纯绿孔雀人工种群用于开展野外放归,逐步扩大绿孔雀分布区,增加野生种群数量,降低灭绝风险等保护策略。     

黄金树花器官发生及发育的形态解剖学研究

 利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对黄金树花器官的发生及发育过程进行了观察。结果显示：（1）黄金树花器官的形态发生及发育过程集中于3月下旬～5月上旬进行,速度较快,历时较短。（2）花原基分化形成花的整个过程符合一般的分化顺序：花萼原基－花冠原基－雄蕊原基－雌蕊原基,且各原基在分化顺序上存在交叉。（3）花药及胚珠的发育与花器官的形态发生之间有明显的连续性,当花蕾直径为3.0 mm左右时花粉母细胞及完整的花粉囊壁形成,直径达到3.5 mm左右时胚珠中出现孢原细胞的分化,它直接起大孢子母细胞的功能。     

扭果花组织培养及快速繁殖的研究

以扭果花试管苗叶片为外植体,MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）与萘乙酸（NAA）,以此来探索这两种植物生长调节剂对扭果花叶片诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明,将外植体接种在MS＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋琼脂9g／L上不定芽诱导率最高;不定芽继代增殖的最适培养基为MS＋BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋琼脂9g／L;生根效果最佳培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg／L＋蔗糖50g／L＋琼脂9g／L,生根率达100％。     

Assessment of rocky reef fish assemblages close to seaweed farming

The seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P. C. Silva, a red algal species, is the main global source of Kappa carrageenan. The introduction of such exotic species in regions outside their original locale can change the community structure of the areas into which they are introduced. The possible influence of seaweed farming on the rocky reef fish assemblage was assessed in Paraty, Brazil. The reef fish assemblage in the seaweed farming area was compared before and after the commencement of farming with two undisturbed control areas. Among the ten species ranked as the most frequently occurring in each area, eight were the same. The fish community structure close to the seaweed farming area did not change from that of the control areas, over the months of the study. Neither the fish diversity and richness indices, nor the total average abundance among areas was significantly altered. The average abundance of the different trophic groups varied over time in both the farm and control areas, revealing similar patterns. These results suggest that K. alvarezii can be cultivated up to at least 50 m from a rocky coast without altering the fish community structure of the surrounding waters.     

Biologically active steroids from the aerial parts of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd

A new steroid, vernoanthelsterone A (1), and five known steroids were isolated from the aerial parts of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. Compound 1 possesses a Δ(8(14))-15-one moiety. To our best knowledge, few steroids with this moiety have been reported before. Compounds 1-6 were tested for their antibacterial activities and their effects on estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa-like cells (KGN cells). Compound 2 showed the ability to promote estrogen biosynthesis with EC(50) of 56.95 μg/mL and also exhibited the antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MICs ranging from 3.15 to 15.5 μg/mL. The structures of 1-6 were determined on the basis of IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR.     

榛子叶化学成分及其生物活性的研究

目的研究榛子叶中的化学成分及其生物活性,开发榛子叶资源。方法利用1HNMR、13CNMR谱与化学方法鉴定从榛子叶中分离得到的化合物的结构。采用荧光酶标记法测定榛子叶提取物的抗金属蛋白酶活性。结果从榛子叶中分离得到6个化合物：1,3,5,8-四羟基-2,4-二（3-甲基丁-2-烯基）双苯吡酮（1）,山奈酚（2）,4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸（3）,对羟基苯甲酸（4）,儿茶酚（5）,2,7-二羟基-3,5-三甲氧基-9,10-二氢菲（6）。测定了化合物（6）的抗金属蛋白酶活性。结论化合物（1）～（6）为首次从该植物叶中获得,化合物（6）对金属蛋白酶（MMP）的抑制作用较强。     

羌活挥发油的2种提取工艺研究

[目的]研究水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和超临界CO2萃取法(SFE-CO2)提取羌活挥发油的工艺条件。[方法]采用超临界萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法提取,通过正交试验,考察最佳提取工艺。[结果]结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏最佳工艺条件是:加水量12倍、回流时间8 h、粒度为粗粉,提取率为1.094%;超临界萃取最佳条件是:压力20 MPa、温度40℃、时间4 h,萃取率为7.76%,为前者的7.1倍。[结论]超临界萃取法工艺优于水蒸气蒸馏法。     

天目山常绿阔叶林的混交度研究

在天目山国家级自然保护区内选择典型常绿阔叶林,设置100m×100m样地,用全站仪测定每株树木坐标。选择胸径在5cm以上的乔木,用优势度分析法确定群落优势种,八邻域边缘校正法校正,并采用树种多样性混交度进行计算。结果表明,天目山常绿阔叶林优势种群以细叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis gracilis,青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca和短尾柯Lithocarpus brevicaudatus为主,形成多优势种结构特征,样地平均混交度为0．5051,优势种群中常绿树种的混交度为0．4836,非常绿树种的混交度为0．5823。研宄认为,天目山常绿阔叶林保持了较高的树种多样性;细叶青冈、青冈和短尾柯等优势种群因兼有实生和萌生2种聚集繁殖方式所致,降低了常绿阔叶林的混交度;树种混交度是随着胸径的增大而增大的;常绿阔叶林总体呈中度混交状况。图5表1参12