Morphological biodiversity and local use of the Himalayan pear (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyrus pashia</Emphasis>) in Central Bhutan

A survey was undertaken in two valleys of the Bumthang area in Central Bhutan to study the morphological diversity, farmers’ knowledge, management practices, yield and income generation potential of the neglected Himalayan Pear (Pyrus pashia Hamilton ex D. Don). For this study a total of 148 Pyrus pashia accessions were collected and 103 households interviewed. Three quantitative and 14 qualitative traits such as colour, size, shape and texture of fruits and tree habit were used for morphological characterization of the accessions. The results demonstrated a high morphological diversity within the P. pashia trees. Fruit shape varied widely from globose to pyriform, fruit skin colour from light yellow and glossy to brown and dull. The observed diversity is likely due to the fact that under farmers’ conditions trees are propagated through seedlings rather than by grafting. None of the characters were specific and correlated with region or altitude. Distinct local cultivars with specific characters were absent making it impossible to group the pears morphologically. Interviews revealed low numbers of trees per farmers, lacking marketability of the fruits and farmers’ subsequent preference for improved varieties as major obstacles for the in situ preservation of biodiversity in P. pashia in this area.     

影响巨桉人工林生长的主要土壤因子

选用２４块巨桉标准地的土壤分析资料,采用逐步回归方法,探讨影响巨桉生长的主导土壤因子．结果表明：制约巨桉人工林生长的主导因子为土壤田间持水量、有效锌、有效铁及有效磷,其回归方程为：Ｙ＝－１．９２３＋０．２６８ｘ４－０．３６３ｘ１５＋０．０４５ｘ１６＋０．１４３ｘ１０．为提高巨桉人工林生长力、培育速生丰产林,选择适宜的立地,调控土壤田间持水量、有效磷、有效锌及有效铁水平是其主要途径     

不同浓度GA3对独—味幼苗生长发育的影响

分别用浓度为0、25、50、100、200 mg/L的GA3处理独一味幼苗,研究不同浓度的GA3对种植独一味幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,经100 mg/L GA3处理后,独一味幼苗长出真叶最多,株高、茎粗生长较明显,但壮苗指数和叶绿素含量均较低,而50 mg/L浓度的GA3能促进独一味幼苗的生长发育。     

Lime,molybdenum, and cultivar effects on molybdenum deficiency of poinsettia

Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotz) cultivars ‘Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond’ (AH), ‘Gutbier V‐14 Glory’ (GG), and ‘Eckespoint C‐1 Red’ (ER) were grown in a peat‐perlite potting medium to study lime and Mo effects on the occurrence of Mo deficiency. Two rates of dolomitic limestone, 0 and 3 kg/m³of growing medium, and weekly applications of micronutrient solutions containing 0.0 or 1.0 ppm Mo were made in factorial combination. Lime, Mo, or both prevented Mo deficiency symptoms in all cultivars. Without both lime and Mo, Mo deficiency symptoms appeared on AH and GG, but not on ER. Lime and/or Mo reduced NO₃‐N content, increased Mo content and increased nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRA) in the upper recently matured leaves of all cultivars. Lime and Mo interacted to affect these parameters in all cultivars. Comparing the three cultivars without both lime and Mo, NO‐‐N content was lowest and NRA highest in ER. However, the Mo content of ER leaves was equal to or less than that of AG and GG which showed Mo deficiency symptoms.     

江西野生毛花猕猴桃群体SSR遗传多样性研究

为分析江西野生毛花猕猴桃群体遗传多样性,以江西省境内的5个野生毛花猕猴桃雄性群体(72个个体)为试验材料,采用SSR分子标记技术,选取15对多态性引物,利用聚丙烯酰胺电泳对PCR产物进行检测。结果表明,15对SSR引物共检测到86个位点,多态性位点百分率为100.0%;观察到的平均等位基因数为5.733,有效等位基因数为3.002,Shannon信息指数为1.046。表观杂合度介于0.111~0.819之间,预期杂合度介于0.041~0.876之间,遗传分化系数为2.01,野生毛花猕猴桃雄性群体间存在较大的遗传分化。5个毛花猕猴桃雄性群体遗传距离范围为0.102~0.409,遗传相似度范围为0.665~0.903,群体间遗传距离与地理距离无相关性。群体的遗传多样性丰富度依次为庐山>井冈山>南源山>武功山>麻姑山,江西地区供试的野生毛花猕猴桃雄性群体在分子水平上具有丰富的多态性。本研究结果为毛花猕猴桃雄性品种选育、种质创新与利用提供了一定的理论基础。     

香花崖豆藤化学成分的研究

香花崖豆藤(Millettia dielsiana Harms ex Diels)的藤茎可作鸡血藤用。本研究从中分离出七个结晶性成分。经物理常数,波谱分析确定它们分别为:(Ⅰ)羽扇烯酮;(Ⅱ)木栓酮;(Ⅲ)表木栓醇(Ⅳ)豆甾醇;(Ⅴ)β-谷甾醇;(Ⅵ)异甘草素;(Ⅶ)2′,4′,3,4—四羟基查尔酮。其中化合物(Ⅰ),(Ⅵ),(Ⅶ)为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

四川冶勒红豆杉迁地保护调查与设计研究

四川冶勒自然保护区有国家一级保护植物红豆杉,因建立水电站,水库淹没区的红豆杉需进行迁地保护.为此,对水库淹没区的红豆杉资源进行了调查研究,并对红豆杉迁移地和原生地的生活及生态环境进行了比较研究,由此做出了红豆杉迁地保护分析论证和风险分析.     

唐古特大黄留薹高度对其产量、品质和土壤水分的影响

采用单因素随机区组法,在甘南高原地区研究了唐古特大黄不同留薹高度对其产量、品质和土壤水分的影响。结果表明:唐古特大黄7月下旬开花前进行去薹,留薹10 cm的耗水率最小,主根长、根径、单株根干重等经济性状和产量最高,且比对照增产14.07%(P<0.01),品质也最优。留薹15 cm的水分利用效率9月份最高为1.43 kg/(mm.hm2);留薹高度在10~15 cm较为理想,既可以节水又能达到增产和改善药材品质的效果。     

锐齿槲栎和栓皮栎林生态系统碳密度比较

锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena Bl.var.acuteserrata Maxim.ex Wenz.)(RCHL)和栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)(SPL)是鄂西地区天然栎类林主要建群种,比较不同林龄2种林分碳密度分布特征,对于评估栎类林森林碳汇功能具有重要意义。基于野外调查,采用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)推荐的森林碳储量估算方法,研究了锐齿槲栎林和栓皮栎林乔木层、灌木层、枯落物层和土壤层的碳密度特征。结果表明,鄂西地区锐齿槲栎林和栓皮栎林碳密度为183.68、150.61 t·hm-2,且两者间碳密度分配格局存在明显差异,2种林分乔木层、灌木层、枯落物层和土壤层碳密度占总碳密度的百分比分别为53.17%、1.34%、0.64%、44.85%和35.27%、0.76%、1.50%、62.47%。锐齿槲栎林生态系统碳密度高于栓皮栎林,前者以乔木层的比例最大,后者以土壤层为主;锐齿槲栎林活体植被层比栓皮栎林具有更大的固碳能力,而栓皮栎林能产生更多的枯落物,随着林分的发育,土壤层碳密度在生态系统碳密度中所占比例逐渐减小。影响乔木层碳密度差异的因素主要为海拔和林分密度,影响土壤层碳密度的主要因素是纬度;鄂西地区栎类林以幼龄林居多,具有较大的碳汇潜力。