基于虚拟治理成本法的地表水污染类公益诉讼生态环境损害鉴定评估的审查要点研究

虚拟治理成本法是一种常用的生态环境损害鉴定评估方法,对于公益诉讼案件中环境损害责任认定具有关键作用。司法实践中,检察机关亟需加强对第三方机构出具的环境损害司法鉴定意见或生态环境损害鉴定评估报告的专业审查,避免因案件证据质量存在瑕疵而影响司法公信力。本文以一起典型污染环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼案为例,分析了生态环境损害鉴定评估重难点问题,从检察机关审查环境损害司法鉴定意见或生态环境损害鉴定评估报告的角度,研究提出地表水污染类公益诉讼案生态环境损害鉴定评估的审查要点,对于提升检察机关公益诉讼办案质效、推动公益诉讼检察高质量发展具有重要意义。     

GIS‐based ecological risk assessment for contaminated sites by fish farm effluents using a multicriteria weight of evidence approach

In this study, an integrative weight of evidence (WOE) tetrad methodology was developed and used to assess environmental quality and ecological risk at contaminated sites by fish farm effluents using spatial modelling tools [geographical information systems (GIS) and fuzzy logic and multicriteria analysis (MCA)], taking into account the results of four lines of evidence (LOE): the physico‐chemical characteristics of water and sediment, acute toxicity bioassays, biomarkers and the in situ alteration of benthic communities. The methodology was tested in the Rio San Pedro salt marsh creek in southwestern Spain. The proposed approach allowed for a quantitative spatial characterization of ecological risk and a better discrimination based on various types of physical, chemical and biological data. The methodology illustrates how GIS spatial models may be used in conjunction with other tools such as fuzzy logic and MCA to assist in decision‐making processes based on multiple environmental quality criteria and lines of evidence, with the transparency, objectivity and synoptic ability required to address environmental management problems in general and the management of contaminated marine areas affected by fish farms in particular.     

Stability identification and application of goafs based on Dempster-Shafer theory

In the process of underground mining,as the effect of mining method and mining technology,massive goafs have been formed in underground mines,which is the main factor influencing the goafs stability in underground mining. Generally,there are four main factors to affect the goafs stability,i.e. structure parameters,space distribution features,stress environment and characteristic value,and geological condition and mechanical parameters of ore and rock mass. There are the sources of the stability identification of goafs based on the multiple source information. Based on CMS technology and engineering geology survey,numerical simulation technology,and using the AHP weight analysis,a D-S evidence classification model is built based on the multisource information fusion in the goafs stability. Take a mine as example,the mining information and the parameters are collected,and the classifications of goafs stability are identified according to a four grade classification method. The result shows that the stability is relative to the structure parameters,geological parameters and the stress environment parameters of goafs. It is a typical problem of the multisource information fusion. Using D-S evidence theory,the classification of the goafs stability is identified,and the results are consistent with the goafs stability in the engineering recognition. It is an effective approach to indentify the classification of the gaofs stability involving many factors.     

证据理论在泵站老化评价中的应用

为了提高泵站老化等级确定的可信度,建立基于证据理论的泵站老化评价模型.以2座典型泵站为例,提取各项老化指标信息,请3位专家按照老化评价标准,对指标体系中的最底层指标,在每个老化等级上进行单独评分,并且经可信度归一化处理,每个评分作为一条证据,按照Dempster合成法则计算,得到每个最底层指标在识别框架上的可信度分配;然后,每个最底层指标在识别框架上的可信度分配作为一条证据,按照Dempster合成法则及带权重的证据理论合成公式层层计算,得到泵站的综合管理、机电设备、建筑物、金属结构以及泵站整体在识别框架上的可信度分配;最后按照给定公式,计算评分并确定老化等级.与应用模糊层次综合评价模型计算的结果比较,在识别框架上,除了出现难以解决的证据冲突的情况外,同一指标的最大可信度平均是最大模糊隶属度的2.4倍,且两者对应的老化等级相同,应用证据理论可以提高泵站老化等级确定的可信度;合成证据前,对每条证据进行归一化处理,可以较好地解决合成过程中出现合成信度大于1的异常情况.