马氏珠母贝转录组数据的重新组装

对本实验室和其他学者已经发表的马氏珠母贝外套膜和珍珠囊的454焦磷酸测序转录组数据以及NCBI中的EST数据进行了重组装、同源序列比对和GO注释分析。重组装获得了30266个contig,平均长度522 bp,其中最长的contig为4144 bp;NR数据库BLAST分析获取了2310个相似性contig(E≤10?5),其中1902个在模式动物(人、小鼠、海胆、线虫、斑马鱼、果蝇或者太平洋牡蛎和珠母贝)中可以查找到同源序列。基因注释(GO)结果表明,注释到生物学过程的3846个contig可分为23个亚类,其中代谢过程蛋白、细胞过程蛋白和生物学调控蛋白为contig数量最多的3个亚类;注释到分子功能的4601个contig共分为11个亚类,其中结合蛋白的contig数量最多,其次是具有催化活性的蛋白和结构分子活性蛋白;注释到细胞成分的2992个contig分为17个亚类,其中细胞和细胞组成部分的contig数量最多,其次分别是细胞器和大分子复合体contig数量。本研究结果有助于开展外套膜和珍珠囊特异性表达基因的大规模筛选。     

The influence of diet on the grass carp intestinal microbiota and bile acids

To elucidate the influence of different diet on the intestinal microbe and bile acids, we characterized the microbiota and bile acids in the hindgut content of grass carp fed on formula feed (FF group) or Sudan grass (SG group). Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly more represented in FF group than in SG group whereas Bacteroidetes was significantly more abundant in SG group than in FF group. Simpson diversity was significantly higher in FF group than in SG group (t = 2.33, P < 0.05). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was the most abundant primary bile acid in the two groups, with average concentrations of 1.03 ± 0.62 and 4.44 ± 1.80 ng mg^?1 in SG and FF group respectively. The most abundant secondary bile acid was deoxycholic acid (DCA) in SG group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in FF group, with average concentrations of 0.17 ± 0.06 and 2.67 ± 0.88 ng mg^?1 respectively. UDCA is significantly more abundant in FF group than in SG group, and the total bile acids were higher in FF group than in SG group. Cetobacterium and Fusobacteriaceae U114 were significantly related with the concentrations of CDCA (r = 0.85, P < 0.05 and r = 0.82, P < 0.05 respectively) and UDCA (r = 0.92, P < 0.01 and r = 0.92, P < 0.01 respectively). However, Bacteroides was negatively related with the concentration of UDCA (r = ?0.67, P < 0.05). Overall, there existed certain relationship between the intestinal microbes and the faecal bile acids, and they were both influenced by the diet.     

不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对白羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫及肠道微生物的影响

为研究不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫及肠道微生物的影响,试验选用1日龄科宝肉鸡600羽,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复20羽.空白对照1组饲喂基础日粮,2组饲喂基础日粮+300 g/t酿酒酵母细胞壁A,3组饲喂基础日粮+250 g/t酿酒酵母细胞壁B,4组饲喂基础日粮+1000 g/t酿酒...     

伴大豆球蛋白胃蛋白酶水解肽对小鼠免疫功能及肠道内环境的影响

90只清洁级昆明系小鼠,随机分为5组,预饲基础日粮一周后,各组分别灌胃：生理盐水（对照组,CK）、伴大豆球蛋白液（Ⅰ）、伴大豆球蛋白胃蛋白酶水解液（Ⅱ）、伴大豆球蛋白胃蛋白酶水解液提纯B组分（Ⅲ）、伴大豆球蛋白盐酸水解液（Ⅳ）,除对照组外,各处理组灌胃液体总含氮量相等,实验期21d。结果显示：与对照组相比,第3周Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组每只小鼠日均采食量较对照组显著下降,分别降低8．75％（P〈0．05）和9．28％（P〈0．05）;Ⅲ组小鼠胸腺相对质量极显著下降,降低了10．40％（P〈0．01）,肠黏膜sIgA水平提高45．49％（P〈0．01）,大肠食糜中6-磷酸果糖酮糖酶（F6PPK）活性极显著提高（P〈0．01）,pH值下降了1．80％（P〈0．05）,肠球菌数显著下降（P〈0．05）。实验结果表明水解肽作为腔内信号分子可能与肠道内相关因素有着多层次调控关系,共同促进宿主的健康。     

Food sources,digestive efficiency and resource allocation in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): Insights from pigments and fatty acids

Various research projects in Europe and North Africa have recently intended to breed temperate holothurians to alleviate fishing pressure on natural populations. However, to date little is known about the nutritional requirements of East Atlantic and Mediterranean species. In this study, we propose a “natural population”‐oriented approach to characterize food sources, digestive efficiency and resources allocation based on the composition of pigments and fatty acids (FA) in gut contents and tissues (muscles, gonads and digestive tract walls) of wild individuals of the species Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali (Delle Chiaje, 1823) sampled in Brittany (France). Our study reveals that neither green nor red algae enter the diet of H. forskali in spring and that the only fresh vegetal material found in gut contents is brown algae (very likely diatoms). The high nutritional quality of gut contents however contrasts with the detrital nature of the ingested food sources, suggesting that a trophic upgrading of organic matter occurs before digestion. In addition, unusual FA (i.e. only present in a few groups of living species) such as long‐chain monounsaturated FA (especially the FA 23:1ω9) were found in large proportions in muscles and gonad and their effect on sea cucumber fitness needs further investigation.     

长江口青草沙水库刀鲚食性转变

采用胃内含物法并结合碳氮稳定同位素分析,探讨长江口青草沙水库刀鲚(Coilia nasus)食物组成及其食性转变。基于胃内含物数据的聚类分析表明,刀鲚食物重量百分比(W%)在小个体(<99 mm)、中等个体(100~150 mm)和大个体(>150 mm)间两两差异显著;出现率(F%)和相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)大个体与其他 2 个体长组差异显著,后两者无显著差异;数量百分比(N%)各体长组间均无显著差异。以上 4 种指数综合显示,小个体和大个体刀鲚分别主要摄食浮游动物和虾鱼类,中等大小个体刀鲚主要摄食浮游动物(F%、N%和 IRI%占优势)和鱼类(W%占优势);碳氮双稳定同位素混合模型亦表明,虾类和鱼类对大个体刀鲚有较大的食物贡献率。刀鲚的δ15N 随体长线性增加,δ13C 与体长呈二次多项函数关系,大个体的δ15N[(15.18±0.79)‰]和营养级(TL: 3.63±0.23)显著高于中等个体的δ15N[(13.87±0.68)‰]和 TL (3.26±0.20)(P<0.01),δ13C 差异不显著(P>0.05)。胃内含物法结合稳定同位素分析表明,刀鲚在生长发育中发生了食性转变,转变前后分别以水层和底层生物为主要食物来源,推测其作为优势种对该水库底层和水层食物网的营养耦合起着重要作用。     

Formulated diet alters gut microbiota compositions in marine fish Nibea coibor and Nibea diacanthus

Nibea, an economical marine fish, is generally fed on trash fish (the low‐value fish), which can cause high feed costs and waste pollutions in high‐density aquaculture. To assess the effect of formulated diet on the gut microbiota in Nibea coibor and Nibea diacanthus, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, clone libraries analysis and Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were used in this study. Two Nibea fishes were both dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (especially Photobacterium) and shared a set of gut microbiota, including Bacilli, Mollicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Fusobacteriia. Statistical analyses revealed that formulated diet led to lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001), lower abundance of Vibrio (p = 0.040) and infectious diseases pathways (p = 0.001), higher abundance of polysaccharide‐degrading bacterium Cellvibrio (p = 0.006) in two Nibea species, with higher weight gain rate (p = 0.023) and microbial diversity (Shannon, p = 0.049 and Simpson, p = 0.044) and more carbohydrate metabolism (p = 0.020) observed in N. coibor. The distribution and correlation network of 17 potential short‐chain fatty acid producing bacteria were obtained and visualized in all treatment groups. The results reveal that formulated diet has beneficial effects on the gut microbial ecology in two Nibea fishes, which suggests the possibility of replacing trash fish diet with formulated diet in Nibea aquaculture.     

基于SCI的肠道微生物与健康文献计量学研究

利用文献计量学方法,统计分析了2002—2010年SCI-E收录肠道微生物与健康的研究文献,探讨了肠道微生物与健康文献的文献量变化与语种、国家或地区分布、主要研究机构、期刊分布、核心作者等,以期为我国肠道微生物与健康相关研究工作提供参考。     

安格斯妊娠母牛异食行为的营养代谢异常及其与肠道菌群相关性研究

牛异食行为(PICA)是以舔食、啃咬一些无营养价值异物为特征的一种异常行为,大多研究认为,PICA是因某些营养素紊乱和生活环境受限所致.业已证明,肠道菌群与宿主营养代谢关系密切,肠道菌群-肠-脑(micro-biota-gut-brain,MGB)轴与动物行为之间的相关性研究日益被揭示.但PICA牛的营养代谢物变化与其...