Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees

Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.     

豫西地区酢浆草草坪昆虫种类调查及群落分析

对河南省豫西地区主要城市酢浆草Oxalis corniculate草坪昆虫群落进行了调查,共鉴定出昆虫12目36科75种,其中有害昆虫56种,有益天敌18种,其他昆虫1种.在有害昆虫中,不同季节优势种不一样,春季的优势种为蚜虫,夏季的优势种为酢浆草茹叶螨Tetranychina harti和朱砂叶螨T.cinnabarinus,秋季的优势种是酢浆草茹叶螨T.Hharti和蛴螬Holotrichia diomphalia.它们都是综合治理的主要对象.     

11种优良坪用禾草对禾草云斑病抗性的初步研究

１９９７～１９９８年选用１１种坪用禾草品种在自然条件下做了对禾草云斑病的抗性鉴定。结果表明,结缕草、细叶结缕草及狗牙根不发病,表现免疫;高羊茅抗病;草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、黑麦草及匍茎剪股颖发病较重,表现感病。     

草坪化学除草技术研究

针对草坪管理中人工除草费用偏高的问题,长春市林科院1998年起进行了防除草坪杂草的综合技术研究。本文报导了草坪化学除草试验结果。     

长沙冷季型草坪草引种试验

为了给长沙地区草坪建植和草种选用提供栽培依据,3年来对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、粗茎早熟禾、翦股颖、多年生黑麦草5个冷季型草坪草的42个品种进行了引种栽培试验,筛选出绿色期长、抗逆性好、适合长沙气候的冷季型草坪草品种有高山、浪潮、优异、华盛顿、公园、兰肯、猎狗5号、交战2号、L5、侵略者、百都11个。     

湖南地区常绿草坪混播组合筛选研究

根据立地条件和生物学特性,选择暖季型草坪草狗牙根和冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾的不同品种按照不同比例混播成24种草坪进行试验,并对不同混播组合进行了适应性和成坪品质的观察测定,成坪后用模糊数学综合评判法评定草坪质量。结果表明,24种不同混播草坪质量有所差异,初步确定在湖南地区用金字塔狗牙根3 g/m2+自由2号早熟禾10 g/m2的混播草坪全年综合质量表现最佳。     

滇中高原常绿阔叶林对天然降雨雨滴动能的影响

为探究滇中高原优势群落常绿阔叶林植被对降雨雨滴动能的影响,于2016年和2017年5—9月,在天然降雨条件下运用自计雨量计和滤纸色斑法,通过定位监测磨盘山常绿阔叶林林外降雨和林内穿透雨特征及其雨滴特性,针对不同降雨条件研究了常绿阔叶林对雨滴动能等特征的影响。结果表明:林外的雨滴个数比林内降雨的雨滴个数多61.7%;随着雨量的增大,雨滴直径分布规律也呈逐渐增大的趋势;在小雨条件下,0.5mm林外降雨雨滴直径数量占总雨滴数的40.85%,而同径级雨滴林内仅占总数的12.22%,且以0.5~3.5mm的雨滴数量所占比例较大;当林外降雨雨滴直径超过4.5mm,雨滴终点速度稳定在9.34m/s;林内降雨雨滴直径超过4.1mm,雨滴终点速度稳定在7.05m/s;同一雨滴径级下,暴雨条件下的雨滴动能比小雨时的动能大98.29%,且随降雨量的增大而增大,林内累积雨滴动能的峰值达到林外降雨的20.68%。随着雨滴直径的增大,穿透雨势能、降雨总势能及林冠截留势能均呈逐渐增大的趋势,缓冲势能比穿透雨势能大46.59%,占总势能的65.18%。林冠层对小雨具有截持和增大林内降雨雨滴直径的作用,且造成林内降雨的滞后性,林冠对天然降雨的降雨速度、势能及动能起到明显的缓冲作用。     

福建将乐林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群种间联结性研究

【目的】研究福建省将乐国有林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群间的联结性,为探索植物群落演替及原生性植被类型的恢复提供依据,为该林场常绿阔叶次生林的可持续经营提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法,在福建将乐林场选取重要值较大的22个树种,利用种间联结指数VR研究群落的整体关联性;利用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数检验、Spearman秩相关系数检验分析种对间的联结性。【结果】该林场常绿阔叶次生林种间联结指数VR为1.014,主要种群总体呈现较弱的正关联。231个种对中,χ2检验结果显示,正、负关联的种对数分别为110和119对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.924;显著和极显著相关种对数占总数的11.3%。Pearson相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为77和153对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.503;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的7.4%。Spearman秩相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为100和129对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.775;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的13.9%。【结论】福建将乐林场的常绿阔叶次生林总体联结程度较小,22个主要树种种对间关系以负相关较多,种间关联性不明显,主要种群独立出现的概率较大。     

Interacting effects of soil degradation and precipitation on plant productivity in NE Patagonia,Argentina

Our objective was to examine the effects of inter-annual variation of precipitation on productivity of two dominant species (Chuquiraga avellanedae, an evergreen shrub, and Nassella tenuis, a perennial grass) in two communities of contrasting soil degradation: a herbaceous steppe with shrubs (HSS) and a degraded shrub steppe (SS). Data were collected during two consecutive years with different annual precipitation. Aboveground productivity was determined nondestructively using a double sampling approach. The number of inflorescences per plant was recorded too. Perennial grass productivity was lower in SS than in HSS in both years, while shrub productivity was lower in SS only during the year of below average precipitation. With rising precipitation the perennial grass increased the number of inflorescences while the evergreen shrub augmented vegetative biomass. In summary, the effects of precipitation on plant productivity are community dependent; abiotic factors, such as superficial and sub-superficial soil characteristics, and biotic factors, such as leaf area index (LAI) or tussock sizes, may interact to influence the responses of species to precipitation. Our results suggest that if precipitation increased, this would favor the dominance of shrubs over grasses.     

福建三明常绿阔叶次生林物种多样性及群落演替

以福建三明常绿阔叶次生林为研究对象,选择16块样地,分别测定物种组成、重要值、物种多样性指数,并分析多样性指数与群落演替之间的关系。结果表明,调查样地内共有植物物种57科109属169种。按乔木的优势种16块样地划分为6种森林类型,分别为米槠林、苦槠林、拟赤杨林、黄樟林、栲树林和枫香林,Simpson指数排序为栲树林>枫香林>拟赤杨林>苦槠林>黄樟林>米槠林。结合主要树种的生物学特性将6种森林类型进一步归并为栲类林、拟赤杨林及其他（黄樟林、枫香林）等3种类型。其中,黄樟、枫香林的多样性最高,栲类林次之,拟赤杨林的最小。根据在演替过程中多样性有先增加后降低的变化趋势,将研究区的阔叶次生林划分为3个演替阶段,拟赤杨林为演替的较早期,枫香、黄樟林为中期,栲类林为演替的后期阶段。