生态农业与食品安全

食品安全已引起国内外的广泛关注。我国食品安全与提高人民生活质量、保证人民健康,维护社会稳定、建设和谐社会等密切相关。维护食品安全,就是维护生态安全、维护经济安全、维护国家安全。目前,我国食品安全面临的主要问题,一是食品数量不足,合格率不高;二是食品中有毒有害物质残留量高,食物中毒事件增多;三是资源、生态、环境问题突出,食品可持续生产能力面临潜在威胁;四是食品安全的法律、法规尚不健全,执法与管理力度不够。生态农业是当今社会农业发展的重要方向,具有显著的增产、增收、增效和环境保护功能,对改善和优化农业生态环境、生产健康优质的安全食品具有重大意义。生态农业在解决当前及今后我国面临的食品数量、质量安全及食品可持续生产能力等方面,将发挥着重要与不可替代的作用。为保障新世纪我国的食品安全,必须大力发展生态农业。主要措施包括:提高对生态农业的认识;大力普及生态农业知识;全面应用与推广生态农业技术;加强生态农业的科学研究;重视实行生态农业的产业化。     

县域绿洲城市经济、社会与环境协调发展评价

县域绿洲城市是干旱区国民经济和社会发展的基石与载体,协调其内部经济、社会与环境之间的关系,对推进干旱区县域绿洲城市全面建成小康社会具有重要的现实与战略意义。文中运用改进熵值法、耦合协调度和协调发展趋势指数模型,对干旱区典型县域绿洲城市乌苏市经济、社会与环境协调发展状况进行评价,并依据评价结果对城市协调发展机理进行分析。结果表明:乌苏市城市综合协调度与经济、社会发展指数总体呈上升趋势,但评价值较低;环境发展指数对城市综合协调度的功效相对较大,但发展趋势指数具有明显的下降趋势;经济与社会发展指数呈显著正相关,经济与环境发展指数呈倒“N”型耦合关系,社会与环境发展指数呈“W”型耦合关系。经济、社会和环境存在着天然的交互胁迫、交互耦合机理,只有三者协同共进,均衡发展,才能真正实现干旱区县域绿洲城市的协调发展。     

中国少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的研究与利用现状

野生稻遗传资源是水稻育种的关键遗传材料,中国的少数民族地区分布着丰富的野生稻遗传资源。评述了野生稻遗传资源研究和利用的重要意义,从优秀种质资源的评价与鉴定、种质资源优异基因的定位和鉴定、及遗传资源多样性研究等方面综述了中国少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的研究情况,并重点结合水稻常规育种和杂交育种,简述了中国少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的利用情况。提出现代分子生物学技术的发展将进一步推进少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的研究与利用工作。     

Of Harold and Chimbu revisited

Abstract: This paper discusses my collaboration with Harold Brookfield in the study of Chimbu land and society. We began in 1958 at the Australian National University and worked together until 1965 in joint fieldwork and writing, and then collaborated occasionally after that. It began both of our professional contributions that continued throughout our professional careers. The work could never have been done by one person, either geographer or anthropologist. Our joint paper of 1990 may be the only multigenerational land study in anthropology/geography. Our long‐term study of the Mintima area is a constant reminder of the hazards of short‐sighted development projections. Brookfield always knew what he wanted to find out, and always constructed original methods of research and analysis. The Chimbu–Mintima maps were redrawn many times with many different measuring methods, new air photography and increasing precision. He always connected any specific study and report of work to general theory and would compare a wide range of related findings in other places. His work is a model of scientific method and its place in geographical theory.     

Women

In New Zealand while women dominate leadership positions in constitutional, political and business areas, gender inequality remains entrenched. Despite significant gains in rights (employment, pay equity, property), as a group women earn less and perform more family care and unpaid work than men. In part these disparities result from the economic restructuring of the last 15 years which saw a loss in unskilled manufacturing jobs, less social support and greater rewards to business and public sector elites. Maori and Pacific Island women are the most disadvantaged groups. Labour/Alliance government initiatives to reduce poverty particularly among Maori and Pacific Island peoples by strengthening access to health and education services and supporting and replicating successful community initiatives are also likely to benefit other low income women.     

基于休耕轮作的人与自然和谐的农村生态环境的构建

针对目前农村化肥、农药的过量使用造成日益严重的水源污染,以及土壤贫瘠化、物种单一化倾向,借鉴国外先进的农耕方式,提出了一种解决办法------休耕轮作,从粮食安全问题、农民收入、改善土壤、物种保护等几方面论述了采用该方法的必要性、可行性。     

我国节水型社会建设的主要经验、问题与发展方向

节水型社会建设是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的重要组成部分,是破解我国水问题根本而有效的战略举措。基于对当前我国节水型社会建设试点的文献和社会调研,首先提炼了我国在节水型社会建设方面已取得的基本经验。其次,深入挖掘了我国节水型社会建设中存在的突出问题。最后,结合我国节水型社会建设规划需求,进一步指出了我国未来一个时期节水型社会建设的重点方向。     

基于层次分析法的节水型社会评价研究

以郑州市为例,根据实际情况,建立了节水型社会定量评价指标体系,采用层次分析方法对建立的评价指标体系做了评价,计算得出,2010年将初步建立节水型社会,2020年将全面建成与小康社会相适应的节水型社会.     

把握构建社会主义和谐社会的着力点

党的十六届六中全会以来,构建社会主义和谐社会已成为我们党的一项重要的战略任务。准确把握构建社会主义和谐社会的重大意义和科学内涵,正确认识构建社会主义和谐社会所面临的挑战,是把握构建社会主义和谐社会着力点的关键。     

The Reformation of the Construction Employment System and Building a Harmonious Society

Construction industry is not only the pillar industry in national economy,but also the typical industry with intensive labors.As a major part of the construction industry,the Construction Employment System(CES) is an important factor of the market order,as well as the quality,the safety and the development of the industry.It is also an important part for building a harmonious society.It concerns the social harmony,political harmony,societal harmony,cultural harmony,urban-rural harmony,etc.However,at present,there are still many problems in CES that might influence the harmonious society building.This paper advises to speed up the reformation of CES,to establish and consummate the system of construction labor subcontract,to develop vigorously labor subcontract corporations,to improve the quality of the labors,to ensure the rights and interests of the labor.