【Short Report】Influence of the Improved System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on Rice Yield,Yield Components and Tillering Characteristics under Different Rice Establishment Methods

Abstract

The impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional management (CM) on grain yield, yield components and tillering capacity were examined under 4 rice establishment methods transplanting (TP), seedling casting (SC), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS). SRI produced significantly higher grain yield than CM under TP and MT but not under DS or SC. DS and SC produced much higher seedling quality than TP or MT, suggesting that robust seedlings with vigorous roots weaken the positive effect of SRI on rice yield. SRI produced a higher tillering rate than CM, but did not affect ear-bearing tiller rate significantly. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the recent fully expanded leaf at mid-tillering stage was significantly higher in SRI than in CM under MT and TP. The obtained results also indicated that SRI increased biomass accumulation before heading and improved utilization of photosynthates in the grain-filling stage.     

Seeding strategies of bahiagrass and pintoi peanut affect pasture establishment under weed competition

Pintoi peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.) is a warm‐season perennial legume with potential for use in grass–legume mixtures in Florida; however, limited information exists about its establishment in mixtures with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the establishment of bahiagrass cv. “Argentine” and pintoi peanut cv. “Amarillo” as monocultures or mixture. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from June to October of 2014 and 2015. Treatments were a split‐plot design of seeding strategies (bahiagrass monoculture, pintoi peanut monoculture or bahiagrass‐pintoi peanut mixtures; main plots) and two N fertilization strategies (30 or 80 kg/ha N; 30N and 80N; subplots), with four replicates. Measurements of plant density and frequency were taken every 4 weeks after seeding. Ground cover and herbage mass (HM) measurements were taken 112 days after seeding. Pintoi peanut ground cover was affected by seeding strategy × N level interaction. Ground cover was greater with 80N than 30N when pintoi was seeded in monoculture (3.6% vs 1.5% respectively) but not when it was seeded with bahiagrass (2.1%). There was no effect of seeding or N strategy on pintoi peanut proportion in HM (1.4%). Bahiagrass ground cover was not affected by seeding or N strategy (15.9%); however, its proportion in the HM was greater in 80N than 30N (12.1% vs 9.4% respectively). Mixed seeding did not negatively affect the establishment of bahiagrass and pintoi peanut and greater N fertilization levels improved some establishment parameters, with no negative effect for pintoi peanut.     

基于现代林业职教集团的“双师型”师资队伍培养模式构建与实践——以福建林业职业技术学院为例

教师是教育发展的第一资源。针对目前高职院校普遍存在的"双师型"师资数量不足问题,根据2019年新出台的《国家职业教育改革实施方案》对"双师型"师资提出了明确的界定:即"同时具备理论教学和实践教学能力的教师",以福建林业职业技术学院为例,基于现代林业职教集团的"双师型"师资队伍培养模式构建与实践,探索以现代林业职教集团为纽带,从学校和行业企业两个层面,分别构筑课堂教学、研修访学、校内实训基地、校企合作产教融合、社会服务等五大平台,通过校内与校外、理论与实践等多管齐下、多措并举,有效促进教师的理论教学能力和实践教学能力提升,为推进"双师型"师资队伍培养探索贡献智慧和方案。     

蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立

试验旨在建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征病理模型。选取5日龄的海兰褐蛋鸡公雏280只，随机分为对照组（基础日粮组）和3个模型组（A、B、C组），试验第1~10天给模型组饲喂不同配比的高脂饲料，第11~20天饲喂常规基础日粮，每天观察并记录试验鸡精神状态、外观体征、饮水量和食欲情况，试验第0、10、20天从各组随机抽取15只鸡进行翅静脉采血并剖取肝脏和腹脂，测定肝脏系数、肝脂率、腹脂率，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平。结果显示，试验第10天，3个模型组剖检时可见腹腔和肠系膜有大量的脂肪沉积，肝脏系数、肝脂率和腹脂率，以及血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶指标均符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准；试验第20天，模型A、B组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平有所恢复，其他指标仍高于对照组，而模型C组的临床症状和各项检测指标仍符合鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的诊断标准。因此采用连续饲喂高脂饲料C（74.5%基础日粮、6%胆固醇、14%猪油、5%蔗糖、0.5%丙基硫氧嘧啶）可成功建立蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型。     

草地空斑对种苗建植影响的研究进展

草地空斑(gap)为种苗建植提供了适合的微生境,对种苗建植起着重要作用.介绍了种苗建植和空斑的概念及空斑的功能分类,从空斑对种子萌发、种苗出苗和存活的影响等方面,概述了草地空斑对种苗建植的影响,提出了今后研究的建议,为开展草地空斑和种苗建植研究提供参考.     

氟苯尼考耐药基因floR LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

为建立快速、灵敏且可定量检测氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP),根据GenBank登录的革兰阴性菌floR基因保守序列,利用PrimerExploerV4设计特异性LAMP引物,成功建立了快速检测氟苯尼考耐药floR基因的LAMP方法。该LAMP检测方法反应温度为63℃,反应时间为60min,具有可实时监测反应、定量检测出floR基因的拷贝数,以及操作简便的特点,灵敏度高,检测限为6.24×100拷贝,是普通PCR的100倍。用建立的方法检测对氟苯尼考不同敏感性的大肠埃希菌floR基因,结果显示,对氟苯尼考敏感、中介和耐药的菌株均检测到floR基因,其拷贝数与菌株MIC相关,提示floR基因不仅存在于氟苯尼考耐药菌中。所建立的floR基因LAMP检测方法可为floR基因的监测,以及氟苯尼考耐药性产生和传播机制的研究提供新的技术手段。     

Preliminary evaluation of the suitability of Enterolobium cyclocarpum for use in intensive feed garden in southwestern Nigeria

The best method of establishment of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (enterolobium) and biomass yields and nutritive value under cutting were determined in three separate trials. Soaking in boiled water for 30 seconds gave the highest percent seed germination (76%) and most vigorous seedlings. Transplanted seedlings out-grew direct-seeded plants with 1.70 and 1.12 m, respectively, at six months after planting. Intra-row spacing did not significantly affect early growth of the plants. Cutting every 12 weeks gave the highest leaf (4.05 t/ha), stem (2.26 t/ha) and total (leaf + stem) dry matter yields. Cutting regimes did not significantly affect the crude protein and neutral detergent fibre content of the leaves which averaged 21.3 and 60.7%, respectively. This initial study suggests that enterolobium has a potential as a forage tree and should be further studied to understand its agronomy and feed value. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

以邓小平理论为指导 积极创建高等学校精神文明

邓小平同志关于加强社会主义精神文明建设的论述,是邓小平理论的重要组成部分。该文紧密联系本院精神文明创建工作的实际,谈了自己学习邓小平同志这方面论述的体会。文章中提出了高等学校应当成为全社会精神文明建设的重要基地和楷模;高等学校的精神文明创建工作应当着重营造有利于“四有”新人健康成长的氛围;高等学校精神文明创建工作还需向更高层次推进和拓展等观点。     

Mechanizsed microsite preparation and direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris in boreal forests — a way to create desired spacing at low cost

The main objective of this study was to examine the cost, flexibility, and appropriate scale of mechanized microsite preparation (MP), in combination with mechanical direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris L. with orchard seed. This technique was tested at four boreal forest sites in Northern Sweden. Orchard and stand seeds were sown with and without MP. The use of orchard seed increased seedling establishment by 41% and the use of MP increased seedling establishment by 47%, respectively, after two years. The best substrates for sowing when using MP were OA_h-, E- and BC-horizon, in ranked order. The use of orchard seed compared to stand seed increased mean seedling height by 25% after four years. These trials suggest that to obtain a density of 5,000 stems ha^-1 four years after seeding, 61,000 viable stand seeds or 41,000 orchard seeds ha^-1 should be sown if MP is not used. If MP is used, seeding rate could be reduced by about 32%. By using MP, and by further improving scarification technique so that all scarified area is thin OA_h-horizon, we predict that only 32,000 stand seeds or 22,000 orchard seeds ha^-1, i.e., half the dosage, should be needed. Under these optimal conditions, it would be necessary to sow about six and four germinable stand and orchard seeds, respectively, to ensure one seedling after four years. Furthermore, regeneration cost would be less than a third that of planting.     

施肥对公路边坡植被建植影响的研究

试验通过施肥处地对公路护被土壤进行改良和植被建植,观察其植被密度、盖度、株高、生物景的变化,探讨快速形成边坡植被方法的理论依据,结果表明,大风坝地区紫色岩石土壤的最佳改良肥料配方为：24g／m2有机肥十90g／m2N、P、K复合肥十20g／m2钙磷肥作基肥施用。