阿司匹林诱导大鼠肠道损伤模型的构建

本试验旨在建立阿司匹林诱导的大鼠肠道损伤模型。试验采用单因素试验设计,选用6周龄SD大鼠18只,经过7 d的适应性饲养后随机分为3个组,每组6只,单笼饲喂。模型1组和模型2组阿司匹林的灌胃剂量分别为50和200 mg/kg,空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水,持续灌胃14 d。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,灌服50 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、血清白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)含量、肠道黏膜分泌性免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量、肠道绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05),但对肝脏指数、脾脏指数和血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性没有显著影响(P>0.05);灌服200 mg/kg阿司匹林显著降低了大鼠的体增重、肝脏指数、血清IL⁃2含量与LZM活性、肠道黏膜sIgA含量、肠道绒毛高度和隐窝深度及二者的比值(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,采用200 mg/kg剂量的阿司匹林连续灌胃14 d可以成功建立大鼠的肠道损伤模型。     

马克思主义中国化与我国社会主义经济建设

马克思主义中国化是中国革命的胜利之本,也是社会主义革命和建设的必由之路。用中国化的马克思主义指导经济建设和改革开放是中国共产党人在社会主义初级阶段的不懈追求和着力点。     

Potential of zinc seed treatment in improving stand establishment,phenology, yield and grain biofortification of wheat

Abstract

One of the problems in obtaining high wheat yield is the unavailability of micronutrients in balanced quantities. Zinc is an essential micronutrient due to its involvement in many metabolic processes in plant. In this experiment, seeds of two wheat cultivars (Faisalabad-2008 and Lasani-2008) were subjected to soak in aerated Zn solution of 0.1 and 0.01?M for 12?hr. For the seed coating, Zn was adhered to the wheat seeds by using Arabic gum by using zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) as a source. Untreated dry seeds were considered as a control. Results indicated that field emergence was improved by Zn seed treatments, maximum numbers of seedlings were observed in seed priming with 0.01?M Zn solution. Seed osmoprimed with 0.01?M Zn solution improved the grain yield, biological yield, and other yield related traits. Grain and straw Zn enrichment were also enhanced in seed osmoprimed with 0.01?M Zn solution.     

Establishment techniques in under-sown perennial ryegrass for seed production

Abstract

Establishment methods have proven to be of major importance for grass-seed production. The objective of this research was to test the effect of different sowing techniques on plant establishment and the subsequent seed yield. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is used as the model grass due to its large importance in Danish agriculture.

In a three-year trial six different methods of under-sowing of perennial ryegrass in a spring barley cover crop were employed. Perennial ryegrass was either sown directly at different depths within the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rows or placed 2, 6, or 12 cm from the spring barley rows. Results of dry-matter yield indicate that the best establishment of the grass occurred when placing the grass 6 or 12 cm from the cover-crop row, and this is of importance in less vigorous grasses. Overall, no seed-yield difference has been observed for perennial ryegrass when placing the grass 2, 6, or 12 cm from the cover-crop row. Placement of the ryegrass seed crop 6 cm from the cereal row showed that a significant yield increase of 34–71 kg ha^?1 can be obtained compared with sowing in the cereal row.     

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization,Seed Source,and Soil Type on Growth of Acacia koa

ABSTRACT

The endemic tree Acacia koa is used to reforest abandoned agricultural lands in Hawaii. Growth may be constrained by soil infertility and toxic concentrations of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) in acidic Oxisols and Ultisols. The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization at time of planting, soil type, and seed source on koa growth were studied for three years. Phosphorus, applied as triple superphosphate and at rates of at least 300 kg P ha^?1, significantly increased height, basal stem diameter, crown volume, and aboveground wood biomass of trees from the local (Oahu) seed source, but not those from off island (Hawaii). Manganese toxicity in the Oxisol probably slowed growth of the off-site trees. The local seed source grew similarly in both soil types, but the survival rate was lower in the Ultisol, possibly due to its lower water-holding capacity. Increased growth due to fertilization suggested improved P status, but such improvement was not detected by foliar analysis.     

Texas Bluegrass Responses to Seeding Rate and Fertilization

Texas bluegrass has potential as a cool-season perennial pasture grass for the south-central USA. Slow stand establishment in competitive environments is a limitation. Forage production of this grass increases with nitrogen (N), and rhizome growth increases with phosphorus (P). Stand responses by Texas bluegrass from three seed sources to seeding rate and a complete mixed fertilizer were assessed from 1997 through 2005 on a Louisiana Coastal Plain site. A linear response (R² = 0.39, P ≤ 0.0001) to seeding rate in March 1998 persisted through 2005, even though stands at all seeding rates improved over time. Stands did not differ (P > 0.05) among seed sources. At only the higher seeding rates, rhizome mass increased with fertilization. Soil pH decreased with fertilization, and pH was positively correlated with the final stand rating in 2005. Direct stand responses to fertilization were not detected. Lack of competitive advantage, despite growth responses, and soil acidification with fertilization indicate that increased seeding rates and delayed fertilization may enhance initial establishment of Texas bluegrass in humid environments.     

Effects of white clover cultivar and companion grass on winter survival of seedlings in autumn-sown swards

The aim was to study the effects of white clover cultivar and combinations with perennial ryegrass cultivars on seedling establishment in autumn‐sown swards and on winter survival of seedlings. Large‐leaved white clover cv. Alice and small‐leaved white clover cv. Gwenda, and an erect and a prostrate perennial ryegrass cultivar were sown in autumn in pure stands and as four binary grass‐clover mixtures. Mixtures of white clover cv. Huia and Aberherald with perennial ryegrass were also sown. Companion grasses had no significant impact on the establishment of white clover. The number of seedlings of white clover cv. Alice in mixtures (335 m^?2) was higher than cv. Gwenda (183 m^?2) and pure swards had similar white clover population densities as mixed swards. White clover cv. Huia tended to have more seedlings than Aberherald (355 and 205 m^?2 respectively). No stolons were produced prior to a severe winter, because of the late sowing date. Winter survival of clover seedlings was 0·56 in mixtures and 0·69 in pure stands, irrespective of white clover or companion grass cultivar. Stolon development of white clover in autumn is often considered essential for overwintering survival and spring growth. In this study, there was considerable survival of the non‐stoloniferous tap‐rooted seedlings of all four clover cultivars despite a severe winter.     

Species enrichment in an agriculturally improved grassland and its effects on botanical composition, yield and forage quality

In a field experiment, the effects of different management treatments on the botanical development and productivity of a previously species‐poor, intensively managed, lowland permanent grass sward were investigated over a 4‐year period. Fertilizer inputs were stopped and nine main treatments, based on three pre‐sowing and three post‐sowing cutting regimes, were applied. Half of each treatment plot was oversown with a mixture of forb (wildflower) species and half left unsown. The aims were: (1) to investigate the effect of cutting regimes on the establishment of introduced forb species, (2) to assess the development and dry‐matter (DM) yield potential of these introduced species, and (3) to compare the DM yield and forage quality of swards with and without introduced species. Seedling establishment was recorded until the end of the second year. From the third year onwards, a common twice‐yearly cutting regime was imposed on all treatments, and the development of the introduced species was recorded. The DM yield of the nine oversown sub‐treatments was compared with the sub‐treatments not oversown. Frequent cutting after oversowing resulted in the greatest number of established plants and three times greater harvested DM yield of introduced species, compared with infrequent cutting. Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium pratense were the best performing introduced species. By years 3 and 4, there was proportionately 0·15 and 0·23, respectively, additional herbage DM yield harvested from the oversown treatments compared with unsown treatments, and up to 0·60 more in some treatments. The introduction of forbs increased the crude protein concentration, but decreased the digestibility of the forage.     

Divergent recurrent selection for seedling tiller number in Altai wildrye

Seedling tiller number is a possible selection criterion to improve seedling establishment of Altai wildrye, Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger, an important grass for autumn grazing of beef cattle in semiarid environments. Forty-two half-sib families selected for high seedling tiller number (HTN) and eighteen half-sib families selected for low seedling tiller number (LTN) by four cycles of divergent recurrent selection were compared with four controls, Altai wildrye cultivars Prairieland, Eejay and Pearl, and crested wheatgrass ( Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. Ex Link) Schultes), cultivar Nordan, on dryland and irrigated sites at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada. Seedling tiller count, seedling height, tiller weight and seedling dry-matter yield (DMY) were determined on two plants per plot and DMY was determined for each plot for 2 years post-establishment. HTN half-sib families had more, lighter and shorter tillers than LTN half-sib families. There was a negative correlation ( r =–0·42, P  < 0·01, n =60) between seedling DMY and tiller number. HTN half-sib families had higher DMY in post-establishment years at the dryland site only. Seedling tiller number in Altai wildrye may be related to DMY at sites at which resource availability delays seedling establishment, but selection for HTN will not increase seedling DMY owing to concomitant changes in carbon allocation.     

对高校图书馆音乐文献信息建设的思索——以湖北大学暨图书馆为例

以湖北大学暨图书馆为例,分析了普通高校音乐素质教育的现状,剖析了高校图书馆音乐文献信息建设存在的具体问题.阐述了从加大投资力度、开展导向活动、建立协作组织、创建资源数据等几个方面来推动高校图书馆音乐文献信息资源建设的具体措施.