The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.     

福建省1990-2009年森林火灾减灾投资效益分析

根据福建省1990-2009年森林火灾统计资料，以减少生态、经济和社会效益损失为目的，运用灾害经济学理论对相关数据进行实证研究．结果表明：福建省近20年来虽然不断提高森林防火的投入，但在减灾效益方面收到的效果却仍不理想．造成森林火灾减灾效益较低的主要原因分别是重大森林火灾发生率提高、森林单位面积综合价值提升及气候变化异常．     

Economic impacts on farm households due to water reallocation in China's Chaobai watershed

Our study area in the Chaobai watershed, upstream of Miyun Reservoir, has been undergoing agricultural water transfers to downstream municipal uses in Beijing. We examine the impacts of water reallocation on crop production and farmers’ income and discuss issues relating to current compensation mechanisms. We use data from a survey of 349 farm households and their farm plots in the upper Chaobai watershed within Hebei province. Water reallocation from upstream to downstream areas has reduced agricultural water supply and the area irrigated. Regression results show that in plots deprived of irrigation, maize yields decrease by 21% and crop revenues decline by 32%. On average, losing irrigation on one hectare of cultivated land reduces net crop income by 2422 yuan. We examine compensation arrangements and social equity for the major policies implemented in the region and we identify gaps between current compensation levels and farmers’ income and production losses. The current compensation received by farmers is generally lower than the losses incurred due to reduced irrigation. A more appropriate compensation mechanism is called for in future water transfers.     

基于MATLAB的改进BP神经网络的实现与比较

本文在Black-Scholes型市场中引入机会收益的概念,并利用文[4]中提出的在险收益的风险概念,建立了机会收益-在险收益(EaC-EaR)动态投资决策模型maxR=E[Xπ(T)|Xπ(T)≥ρ1-β(x,π,T)]s.t.EaR(x,π,T)≤Cπ∈Rd,其中C是事先给定的某风险水平,ρ1-β(x,π,T)是期末财富Xπ(T)的1-β下侧分位数.通过对该模型的讨论,得到了最优常数再调整策略的显式表达式以及投资组合的有效前沿,阐明的金融学涵义包括:在EaC-EaR投资组合模型下,风险中性市场中的最优常数再调整投资策略是纯债券投资策略,而风险非中性市场中的最优常数再调整投资策略蕴涵了两基金分离定理的成立.另外,β=1时的均值-在险收益(M-EaR)模型maxR=E[Xπ(T)]s.t.EaR(x,π,T)≤Cπ∈Rd正是上述模型的特款.     

浅析中国木材产业的国际化经营问题

国际化经营是影响中国木材产业的重要因素,对于中国木材产业的成长具有重大意义。该文介绍了国际化经营的相关概念,分析了中国木材产业国际化经营的现状,研究了进出口和对外直接投资对中国木材产业的影响,提出了中国木材产业国际化经营的演化路径。     

政府投资工程项目比选制度的法律分析

地方法律法规与民众关系密切，研究地方法治建设具有重要意义。以四川省政府投资工程建设项目比选制度为对象，梳理其形成，归纳其概念，在对比选制度进行法理分析和实证分析的基础上，提出完善措施，以期学界同仁关心地方法治建设。     

资金限制情况下投资项目的最优组合决策模型

资金限额条件下投资项目的最优组合是某些企业经常遇到的问题。对这些项日进行组合与投资安排，不仅要考虑各项目的投资额大小，还要考虑项目投资先后顺序、先期投资项目的盈利对后期投资项目所得资金的补充等情况。为此，建立了两类常见的资金限制情况下的最优组合决策问题的优化模型，并举例进行了计算。     

浅谈工程建设投资管理

本文作者结合我国现况,对工程建设投资管理的全过程进行了简要论述,并提出了几点对策。     

中水利用的经济分析

通过对中水再利用的经济分析．提倡在中小型工业企业中宜广泛应用。     

杨梅疏果量与经济效益关系分析

用比较分析法和多目标最优化法对不同的杨梅疏果量与投入、产量、产值、效益的关系进行比较、分析表明 :疏果措施可提高杨梅的品质 ,增加产值和收益 ,当疏果量达到 6 0 %时有最大的纯收益 ,疏果量达到 70 %时有最好的投资效果 ,6 0 %～ 70 %的疏果量是杨梅最佳疏果方案