畜牧生产中营养物质转化规律及其影响因素

本文以生长猪、鸡为对象,着重探讨了品种间对饲料能量与球白质在消化、代谢、合成过程中的效率异同;研究了某些微量元素及其有关酶对能量、蛋白质及其它物质利用的影响。     

Various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus

Fructosamines are formed when glucose reacts non-enzymatically with amino groups on proteins, and previous studies have indicated that the serum fructosamine concentration could be of importance in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus. Owing to the connection between the protein/albumin concentration and serum fructosamine concentration, it has been suggested that the serum fructosamine concentration should be corrected for the protein/albumin concentration. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration and various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the separation of dogs with diabetes mellitus from dogs with other diseases that presented with clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus. The evaluation was assisted by relative operating characteristic curves (ROC curves), which may be used to compare various diagnostic tests under equivalent conditions (equal true positive ratios or false positive ratios) and over the entire range of cutoff values. A total of 58 dogs (15 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 43 dogs with other diseases) were included in the study. Serum fructosamine concentration, serum total protein concentration and serum albumin concentration were measured in each dog, and various corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration for protein or albumin concentration were made. Comparing the ROC curves of the uncorrected and each corrected serum fructosamine concentration indicated that there was no decisive difference between the uncorrected and the corrected serum fructosamine concentrations in discriminating between dogs with and without diabetes mellitus. Hence, correcting the serum fructosamine concentration as a routine procedure cannot be advocated from the results of the study. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration were very high, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, further evidence of the value of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations SFC serum fructosamine concentration - SFC-P serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration - SFC-A serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration - SFC-Po serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration, only when the serum total protein concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-Ao serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration, only when the serum albumin concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-K serum fructosamine concentration corrected according to Kawamotoet al. (1992)     

藏山羊乳主要营养成分及乳酶、乳清蛋白的研究

本文研究了分布于西藏和四川地区的藏山羊乳蛋白、乳糖和乳脂含量,并对乳中4种酶活力及乳清蛋白的组成进行了研究。结果表明:藏山羊乳中3种营养成分存在一定的地区差异,脱脂乳中乳酸脱氢酶,碱性磷酸酶,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、乳过氧化物酶活力分别为81.9±37.8、7.7±3.5、437.4±93.0、532.7±202.6单位。乳过氧化物酶在体外可被10~(-5)M的硫氰酸根或乳酸根活化。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳可将乳LDH分出LDH_1、LDH_2和LDH_3三带,各带所占百分比例分别为50.6±4.5、31.6±4.2和17.8±3.3,提示乳LDH不是来源于血液。用SDS—PAGE可将乳清蛋白分出5条区带。     

长白猪血浆酶活性与胴体性状的相关研究

采用通用线性模型分析研究了 4种猪血浆酶活性与 4个胴体性状的相关关系。结果表明 :GPT对皮厚、γ- GT对胴体长达到显著的正效应 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,Amy对眼肌面积达到极显著正效应 (P<0 .0 1)     

SMV1号对大豆膜质过氧化及保护酶体系的影响

本文从大豆膜质过经反应及其保护酶体系的变化，过氧化物酶和苹果酸氮酶同工酶表达牧场生，分析了不同类型的大豆品种对大豆病毒病１号生理小种（ＳＭＶ１）侵染后的生理生化反应。研究结果表明，大豆品种经ＳＭＶ１号株系诱导后，感病品种丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、越氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性增加幅较大，抗病品种增加较少，过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性的表达则相反，在花叶病毒侵染条件下，感病与抗病品种过氧化物酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶     

饲用酶制剂作用机制的研究进展

分别从饲用酶制剂对畜禽日粮中抗营养因子，消化道内源酶活，微生物菌群，消化器官，外周血液激素水平以及畜禽机体免疫机能等方面的影响，对其改善畜禽生产性能的作用机制进行了探讨，饲用酶主要是通过消除抗营养因子（SNSP，消化酶抑制剂，细胞壁和植酸）和补充内源酶等方式提高日粮养分消化率，并减少有害微生物的过度繁殖，进而改善畜禽生产性能。     

姬松茸儿种胞外酶的最适反应pH的最适反应温度

姬松茸的胞外CMC酶，FP酶，βGase,HC酶,淀粉酶和果胶酶的最适反应pH和最适反应温度分别是4．6和55℃，5．2和50℃，4．6和50℃，5．8和40℃，4．0和50℃，菌丝最适生长pH下的相对酶活力系数远远小于酶最适反应pH下的相对酶活力系数；菌丝最适生长温度下的相对酶活力系数远远小于酶最适反应温度下的相对酶活力系数。     

Detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in naturally infected horses in the USA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using whole-cell and recombinant antigens

Blood samples were collected from 98 horses suspected of having borreliosis or granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Connecticut and New York State, USA during 1985, 1995, and 1996. Serum antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on whole-cell and recombinant antigens, in 82 (84%) horses. Of the 181 sera tested, 59% were positive, using whole-cell antigens, compared to 48% with protein (p)37 and 35% with VlsE antigens. An ELISA containing either of these fusion proteins can be used as an adjunct to general screening by an ELISA or immunoblotting in animals not vaccinated for this disease.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression of IL2 cDNA from the Tibet Pig

Interleukin-2 is a vital cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, and plays important role in the regulation of cellular and humoral immunity of animals. In our experiment, IL2 cDNA of the Tibet Pig was first cloned by RT-PCR from ConA-stimulated lymphocytes in the blood and subcloned into pMD-18 T vector, which then was identified with endonuclease restriction. The sequencing result showed that Tibet pig IL-2 (TPIL-2) cDNA was 503 bp long (ORF was 465 bp) (Genbank accession number: AY 294018). The recombinant prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression plasmids of the cDNA were then constructed to analyse the ability to stimulate the proliferation of porcine lymphocytes in vitro. The recombinant porcine IL-2 expressed in the prokaryotic cells was found to be of 43 kDa molecular mass, which was consistent with a 17.4 kDa protein deduced from the IL-2 cDNA sequence (glutathione S-transferase molecular mass is 26 kDa); the recombinant protein in eukaryotic cells was confirmed by use of specific rabbit anti-porcine IL-2 serum in an ELISA. The bioactivity of TPIL-2 was detected through MTT colorimetry by stimulating the proliferation of pig ConA-stimulated blasts in vitro. The results indicate that the TPIL-2 significantly promoted the proliferation of ConA-stimulated blasts of pig. This confirms that IL-2 cDNA of the Tibet pig was successfully cloned and expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which lays the foundation for the the preparation of specific recombinant IL-2 protein and development of novel immune adjuvants to raise the immunity of pigs against various infectious pathogens and increase the immunoprotective efficacy of vaccines.     

Antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycete hyphae during <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> interaction

A total of 150 bacteria were isolated from rhizoplanes of the host and non-host plants of a phytopathogenic Peronosporomycete Aphanomyces cochlioides. Upon screening, 5% of the isolates were evaluated as antagonists as they inhibited radial growth of A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae in a dual culture assay. In addition, those antagonistic bacteria also induced characteristic morphological alterations in the A. cochlioides AC-5 hyphae that grew towards bacterial colonies. Hyphal morphological alterations observed in AC-5 and other tested strains of Peronosporomycetes included excessive branching, curly growth, unusually longer and pointed tip formation and swelling; all of these were comparable to the alterations induced by known antimicrobial compounds. Among the antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 induced a unique branching pattern (tree-like) in AC-5 hyphae by continuous apical bifurcation of successive hyphae, where increases in number of branches and hyphal area were linearly correlated with time up to 10 h. Our observations suggested that the pathogen might have lost its ability of normal branch production; however maintained the capability of self-branching. Soluble extracts from the culture fluids of Pseudomonas sp. strain EC-S101 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EC-S105 induced similar excessive branching and curly growth in A. cochlioides hyphae as the respective bacterium. These results revealed that bacterial metabolites appeared to be responsible for induction of morphological alterations. Interestingly, the antagonistic bacteria that induced hyphal morphological alterations, also efficiently suppressed in vivo damping-off disease caused by AC-5. We suggest that antagonistic rhizoplane bacteria have the capability to induce diverse morphological alterations in Peronosporomycetes hyphae during in vitro interactions. Hyphal morphological alterations associated with growth inhibition and the induction of characteristic morphological changes indicate antagonistic activity against the Peronosporomycete.