不同覆盖模式对旱地苹果园土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的影响

为研究不同覆盖模式对旱地苹果园土壤环境的影响,以11a生"信浓红"苹果树为试材,对比分析全覆膜、生草覆草、起垄覆膜、"肥水膜"一体化和清耕处理下苹果园土壤养分、酶活性和微生物数量的变化。结果表明:生草覆草可以显著提高土壤有机质的质量分数,不同覆盖处理均可增加土壤速效养分,尤以"肥水膜"一体化效果最为显著。不同覆盖处理都能提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性,"肥水膜"一体化技术能较对照明显提高土壤酶活性,且处理对土壤酶活的影响主要集中在表土层,不同土壤酶活性和有机质的质量分数存在显著相关性。与常规施肥相比,覆盖处理后能不同程度增加土壤中微生物的数量,且均以生草覆草效果最佳。综合分析,旱地苹果园采用"肥水膜"一体化技术配合行间生草可以在一定程度上改善果园土壤生态环境,提高土壤肥力。     

cDNA Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Rice Sbe1 and Sbe3 Genes

Two starch-branching enzyme (SBE) in rice, is known to be a key enzyme in amylopectin biosynthesis. The cDNA of two SBE(starch-branching enzyme) genes Sbe1 and Sbe3 encoding SBE I and SBE Ⅲ (two major isoforms in rice) were cloned by an improved RT-PCR technique, from a template cDNA library derived from the total mRNAs extracted from the immature seeds of a japonica rice Wuyunjing 7. DNA sequence analysis showed that the size of the cloned Sbe1 and Sbe3 cDNAs were 2490 and 2481 bp long, respectively, including their entire coding sequences. Comparison analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of Sbe3 was the same as that of sbe3 (Genbank Accession No. D16201) as reported previously. There were only four base-pairs difference,which resulted in changes of two deduced amino acids between the cloned Sbe1 cDNA and the reported sbe1 (Genbank Accession No. D11082). The cloned Sbe1 and Sbe3 cDNAs make it possible to improve rice starch quality through genetic engineering     

外源添加物降低镉胁迫下香菇体内镉含量及对酶活性的影响

香菇等可食用菇类比绿色植物体内更能逐步聚集浓度大的镉等重金属。子实体中的镉危及食用者的健康,因此减少菇类子实体中镉的含量,对人体健康意义重大。本研究检测了5种外源添加物水杨酸、沸石、石膏、壳聚糖及硫酸锌对镉胁迫下香菇体内镉含量的降低作用,并测定不同添加物对香菇羧甲基纤维素酶和漆酶活性的影响。试验结果表明,被测试的添加物中,硫酸锌对香菇808和868子实体中的镉含量著,石膏次之,表明硫酸锌是5种外源添加物中降低香菇体内镉浓度的最佳选择。此外,通过测定5种外源添加物在3 mg·kg-1镉胁迫下对香菇羧甲基纤维素酶和漆酶活性的影响,试验数据表明菌丝满袋期时,在添加硫酸锌或石膏时,香菇羧甲基纤维素酶和漆酶活性达到最高,说明培养料中添加硫酸锌或石膏在降低香菇体内镉含量的同时,也可以一定程度上增强生长代谢酶的活性。     

复合酶制剂对育肥前期海南黑山羊生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

[目的]为在海南黑山羊饲养过程中科学、高效地利用饲料提供理论依据.[方法]在补充精料中添加不同剂量的复合酶制剂,研究复合酶制剂对海南黑山羊生产性能和血清生化指标的影响.[结果]补充精料中添加复合酶制剂可以显著提高海南黑山羊的平均日增重(P＜0.05),而对海南黑山羊的平均采食量、料重比的影响不显著(P＞0.05).复合酶制剂对海南黑山羊血清生化指标的影响均不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]在补充精料中添加复合酶制剂对海南黑山羊的生产性能有影响,建议育肥前期在精料中复合酶制剂的添加量为0.2％.     

盐池县沙化草地土壤理化性质及酶活性研究

[目的]探讨盐池县沙化草地土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的变化规律以及草地恢复和土壤恢复之间的关系,为草地土壤系统的恢复治理和可持续利用提供可靠的依据。[方法]对宁夏盐池县北部不同深度和不同沙化程度草地的土壤养分进行统计分析。[结果]随着沙化程度的加剧,土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、土壤酶活性、土壤水分随着土壤沙化程度的加剧而降低,土壤p H随沙化程度加剧而增大,且不同沙化程度草地之间差异显著(P0.05)。在0~60 cm土层土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶含量随着土壤深度的增加而降低,且不同深度之间差异显著(P0.05),土壤p H、水分、过氧化氢酶含量随深度增加而增加,且不同深度之间差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]随着盐池县草地沙化程度的加剧,土壤理化性质和酶活性呈显著性下降趋势,而p H则呈现上升趋势。土壤养分和酶活性随着土壤深度的增加而降低,物理性质则随之增加,土壤表层理化性质及其酶活性对草地退化的影响最为显著。     

角质蛋白酶产生菌及其酶基因研究进展

角质蛋白酶是一种多功能酶、通用裂解酶。为角质蛋白酶产生菌及其活性蛋白酶的挖掘与利用提供理论参考,综述了角质蛋白酶产生菌的分类、角质蛋白酶结构和降解机理、角质蛋白酶产生菌酶活比较、通过宏基因组筛选角质蛋白酶基因、在农业植物病害防治上的应用等国内外研究进展,并进行了展望。     

Genotypic Difference in the Responses of Seedling Growth and Cd Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The experiment was carried out to study the genotypic difference in the responses of seed germination, growth and physiological characters of rice seedlings to Cd toxicity. The result showed that the germination was slightly stimulated under low Cd concentration (0.01-1.5 mM Cd), while severely depressed under higher Cd concentration (2.0 mM). Rice seedlings exposed to 0.01 mM Cd showed slight increases in plant height, root volume, biomass and chlorophyll concentration. These parameters were significantly reduced when Cd level in the medium was increased to 0.5 mM, and meanwhile corresponding increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content was observed. However, SOD and POD activities declined when plants were exposed to 1 mM Cd when compared with those under 0.5 mM Cd. Cadmium addition lowered Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots and shoots. There was significant genotypic difference in the response of these parameters to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, Xiushui 110 had the least inhibition of growth and increase in MDA content, higher shoot Cd concentration, and greatest increase in POD and SOD activities, indicating its higher tolerance to Cd toxicity, while Bing 9914 had the greatest reduction of growth, and Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents, but greatest increase in MDA content, and least increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes, indicating its sensitivity to Cd toxicity.     

酶制剂、益生素对杂粕饲粮品质改善效果的研究

采用单因素完全随机设计,研究杂粕日粮中添加0.015%的酶制剂和0.15%的益生素与豆粕日粮饲喂蛋鸡的效果差异。结果表明,与豆粕相比,加酶或加益生素的杂粕日粮降低蛋鸡产蛋率、产蛋量、蛋重和蛋鸡采食量;通过添加益生素或酶制剂,杂粕日粮在饲料转化率上与豆粕日粮效果相当;与豆粕日粮相比,加酶或加益生素的杂粕日粮不影响蛋壳厚度和软破蛋率,也不影响能量和蛋白质代谢率,但显著降低排泄物中蛋白质含量。可见,一定程度上加酶或加益生素能可提高杂粕的利用率,但其实用效果与豆粕日粮还有一定差距。     

生防因子螺旋毛壳ND35的细胞壁降解酶与重寄生作用

1　IntroductionSomespeciesofthesaprophyticascomycetegeneraChaetomiumKunzeexFr .arepotentialantagonistsofseveralplantpathogenicfungi ,forexampleRhizoctoniasolaniandPythiumultimumwhichcauseseedlingdamping -offandVenturiainaequaliswhichcausestheapplescabChae…     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌荚膜多糖基因的原核表达及其产物的细胞毒性

参考GenBank中猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（App）血清2型荚膜多糖基因的序列分别设计了3对特异性引物，通过PCR分别扩增了CpsA、CpsB、CpsC3个基因，获得长约1137、429、1146bp的片段，将其分别克隆到pMD18-T中，经酶切鉴定和序列分析获得了阳性克隆子；再将CpsA、CpsB、CpsC分别插入原核表达载体pGEX-KG后，转化BL21，在IPTG诱导下获得高效表达，经Western-blotting检测证实，表达产物CpsC有生物学活性，CpsA、CpsB无活性；将3种表达产物等量混合，做10倍递进稀释后，与分离出的猪嗜中性粒细胞作用，37℃、50mL／L CO2培养箱中温育4h后加入底物液，测定D492nm值。结果表明，App荚膜多糖对猪嗜中性粒细胞无毒性作用。