“以奖促治”典型村环境质量监测与评价的探讨

选取具有代表性的洪湖市南昌村作为“以奖促治”典型村开展了农村环境监测,结果表明：该村环境空气质量达到国家二级标准,地表水富营养化污染严重,地下水不适合直接饮用,土壤中农药残留超标。通过典型案例研究,对典型地区农村空气、水、土壤等环境要素的污染源与危害现状进行了调查研究,提出了农村环境监测优化布点方法和监测指标,以及农村环境质量评价的技术方法。     

环境应急监测主要技术与方法探析

指出了环境应急监测是环境监测工作的一个重要组成部分,突发性环境污染事故具有形式多样、发生突然、难于处置和危害严重等特点,处置不当,就会造成严重的环境污染和破坏,给人们的生产和生活带来危害。分析了我国环境应急监测技术的现状和存在的问题,对环境应急监测的主要技术和方法进行了初步探讨。     

开滦范各庄矿“绿色矿山”建设的探索与实践

指出了开滦股份范各庄矿业公司以建设国家级“绿色矿山”为目标,将绿色理念贯穿于矿产开发的全过程,多措并举,积极探索绿色发展模式,使企业走上了安全高效、集约内涵、绿色低碳的新型工业化道路,探讨了绿色矿山“建设的多层管理模式”,为推动其他矿山企业建设“绿色矿山”起到一些带头作用。     

云南省水生生物保护区现状及保护建议

云南省水生生物资源丰富,并有大量的土著种和特有种。近年来,由于水环境破坏、滥捕酷鱼等因素影响,导致很多物种处于濒危甚至灭绝的险境。至2013年底,云南省有各级水生生物自然保护区17个,水产种质资源保护区18个,但相对于境内丰富的水生生物和极其严重的水生生物生存状况而言,水生生物的保护工作任重而道远。藉此,提出增加保护区面积,加强管理,积极治理与修复水环境,建立、健全法律法规,加大对水生生物多样性和保育的研究,建立物种基因库等保护建议。     

后官湖浮游生物群落结构特征及其环境驱动因子

为了了解后官湖国家湿地公园水生态环境现状,于2020年1月至12月对后官湖的水质、浮游植物和浮游动物进行了监测。结果表明后官湖西部湖区的总磷、高锰酸盐指数最高,是后官湖的主要污染来源。综合营养状态指数TLI(Σ)评价表明后官湖属于中营养状态,Shannon-Weaver指数和Pielou指数结果显示后官湖总体上为轻度污染到中度污染状态。调查期间共检出7门54属浮游植物,其中1月和4月主要以绿藻门和隐藻门占优势,5月至12月则以蓝藻门占优势。5月、9月-10月桡足类在浮游动物群落中占优势,其他月份则是轮虫类占优势。相比于2017年-2019年,2020年后官湖的营养状态水平和浮游植物丰度出现了明显的下降,而大型浮游动物在群落中的比例则明显上升。Spearman相关分析和冗余分析表明影响后官湖浮游植物群落的主要环境驱动因子为水温、透明度和浮游动物丰度。后官湖环境管理的不断加强和新冠疫情导致的流域内人类活动的减弱可能是后官湖2020年水生态环境质量明显提升的原因。     

Environmental effects on feed utilization

Both external and internal factors affect the response of fish to variations in dietary quantity and quality. An attempt is made to review major, recent studies on the series of intermediate steps (intake, digestion, metabolism, excretion and retention) involved in the global response of fish to environmental changes. Among these external factors, greater attention is however devoted to those that are the most important natural effectors within the aquatic environment: temperature, ambient oxygen and salinity. The changes brought about by a change in temperature at different levels of nutrient utilization have been studied to a great extent in the recent past. As temperature affects in the first instance, the voluntary food intake, a discussion on current nutrient requirement data should preferably be dealt with in absolute terms. While critical levels of oxygen below which growth is hindered are sufficiently defined for many species, precise data on the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on nutrient utilization are still fragmentory. With regard to salinity, a distinction between stenohaline and euryhaline species and a knowledge of the physiological mechanisms corresponding to their life cycles are required before attempting comparative analyses. Within euryhaline species, best performances are noted at salinities isotonic to the internal medium. Despite accumulating evidence on the effects of cyclical phenomena, the chronobiological approach to fish culture remains practically unexplored.     

环境应激对肉鸡的影响和对策

在规模化养殖模式下,肉鸡不可避免地受到不同环境因子的影响而产生应激,环境应激直接影响肉鸡养殖的生产性能和产品质量.本文总结了几种常见环境应激因子对肉鸡健康状况、生产性能、免疫性能、血液生理生化指标、肉品质和机体器官等的影响以及降低肉鸡环境应激的主要技术措施,为有效降低环境应激、提高肉鸡养殖效益提供参考.     

The Role of Recreational Motivation in the Birding Participation–Environmental Concern Relationship

Previous research has generally not found a strong relationship between participation in outdoor recreation and environmental concern. Research has suggested, however, that the motivation underlying recreation can mediate this relationship for some nature-based recreation groups. We hypothesized that the motivation underlying participation in birding mediates the participation–environmental concern relationship. We collected data via mail-back surveys from 529 American Birding Association members. Using structural modeling, we compared a direct effects model with partial and full mediation models with motivation variables as the mediators. The partial mediation model was weakly supported for two out of three motivation variables. Fit indices showed all models to have less than adequate fit. The results suggested that participation may not lead to environmental concern and that other variables, including motivation, may be more influential.     

Case study: Treatment of oral and locomotory stereotypic behaviors in a mature sow

A 32-month-old female 225-kg nonpregnant cross-bred Newsham sow presented a 6-week history of stereotypic behaviors when housed in a laboratory research facility. A behavioral examination over 12 daylight hours revealed 3 main stereotypic motor patterns, namely (1) oral-nasal gate manipulation defined as placement of the snout between the bars of the pen gate with repetitive, forceful up and down movement; (2) head weaving defined as repetitive lateral head and snout movement toward the pen gates while rocking back and forth on her forequarters with hooves remaining on ground at all times; and (3) body weaving defined as repetitive shifting of body weight from one side to the other with front hooves lifting alternately off the ground. The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 4.0%, 12.4%, and 6.8% of her total baseline time budget, respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was oral-nasal and locomotory stereotypies. Three treatments were used to mitigate the duration and frequency of these stereotypic behaviors. Treatment 1—Social treatment (change social stimuli by providing visual and nose-to-nose contact with different neighboring sows); Treatment 2—Forage treatment (change foraging substrates by providing peat moss as a rooting substrate); and Treatment 3—Space treatment (change pen configuration by increasing space). The sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0%, 0.4%, and 0.1% of her total time budget, respectively; social treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.9%, 15.3%, and 11.3% of her total time budget, respectively; and forage treatment: the sow performed the oral-nasal gate manipulation and head and body weaving 0.5%, 28.0%, and 15.5% of her total time budget, respectively. This study is one of the first reports to evaluate the treatment of established stereotypies in a mature sow. Results suggest the promise of environmental enrichment as an effective treatment strategy. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these behavioral changes and relative importance of different environmental manipulations provided.