空气污染视角下中国工业能源环境效率的空间效应及其影响因素研究

工业能源消耗是温室气体排放的主要来源,提高工业能源环境效率是缓解当前气候变化问题的重要途径.从空气污染的视角出发,将工业CO_2、工业SO_2和工业PM_(10)3种污染物排放作为非期望产出,采用非径向方向距离函数测算了1998-2014年中国30个省域的工业能源环境效率,检验了其空间相关性并通过空间计量回归模型分析了中国工业能源环境效率的主要影响因素.研究结果表明:中国工业能源环境效率整体处于上升趋势,但区域差异显著,东部和中部地区的工业能源环境效率显著高于西部地区;中国工业能源环境效率存在正向空间相关性,西部多数省域处于低集聚区;环境规制是影响中国工业能源环境效率的重要因素,应协同推动经济高质量发展与生态环境高水平保护,改善能源消费结构和国有企业股份制改革,有助于提高中国工业行业的能源环境效率.     

两种生态型东南景天(Sedum alfredii Hance)根系互作效应对植株生长及吸收利用土壤Zn的影响

采用盆栽套种方法探讨了不同程度根系互作对两种生态型东南景天的生长和吸收利用土壤Zn的影响,以及超积累生态型东南景天的根系是否能活化土壤中难利用态Zn.不同程度的根系互作采用不同隔膜处理,即无隔膜处理、400目尼龙筛布隔开和PVC板隔开.结果发现,当两种生态型东南景天套种时,不同程度的根系互作对非超积累生态型东南景天的地上部和根系的生物量、根系Zn含量有显著影响.当与超积累生态型东南景天的根系完全交互作用或采用400目尼龙筛布隔开时,非超积累生态型的根系Zn含量显著增加,其地上部和根系生物量比其单种时显著减少.这些结果间接表明,超积累生态型东南景天根系能够活化土壤中的难溶态Zn.     

森林资源档案管理系统的设计与实现

本文以加强森林资源档案管理的需要出发，分析了资源档案管理系统，在此基础上提出计算机管理系统的主要设计，介绍了相应软件系统。     

稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响

为探明钵苗机插方式在稻麦两熟地区对水稻米质性状的影响及其品种类型间差异,本文以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和籼粳交水稻为材料,比较了钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播3种种植方式在稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下的稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮食味品质特性变化及其品种类型间差异。结果表明,钵苗机插的整精米率比毯苗机插和机械直播分别提高1.6%和4.9%(P0.05),整精米产量分别提高7.8%和25.9%(P0.05),改善了稻米加工品质;与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插的稻米垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度显著增加,对稻米外观品质有不利影响,但钵苗机插精米蛋白质含量较高,有利于稻米营养品质的改良,其精米蛋白质产量分别比毯苗机插和机械直播提高8.7%和28.0%;3种种植方式相比,钵苗机插稻米蒸煮食味品质表现出一定程度的变优趋势,其中,稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值和糊化温度呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势,胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值呈钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播的趋势;食味值于种植方式间无显著差异,呈籼粳交水稻和常规粳稻钵苗机插毯苗机插机械直播,杂交籼稻毯苗机插钵苗机插机械直播的趋势。由此得出,钵苗机插不仅能增加稻谷产量,还能改善部分稻米品质特征,是稻麦两熟地区实现高产高效优质协调水稻生产的潜力型机械化种植方式。     

包衣尿素在春白菜上的应用效果研究

以枣优良品种骏枣为试材,研究了多种因素对其离体叶片及大田幼嫩茎段再生效率的影响。结果表明,幼嫩茎段再生较容易。叶片再生与生长调节物质种类和浓度及叶片成熟度有关。枣叶片不定芽再生的最佳培养基为1/2MS(大量元素减半) TDZ0.5mg/L IBA0.2mg/L。不定芽再生率以上部叶片最高。     

环境条件对杨树花粉生活力的影响

花粉生活力的强弱直接关系到杂交育种的成败。在花粉的采集及贮存过程中,许多因素如花枝培养的条件、花粉采集的日期,收粉后的失水时间及含水率,花粉的贮存温度及贮存时间等对花粉的质量和生活力等均具有重要的影响。为了确定这些因素对杨树花粉生活力的     

意大利黑麦草饲喂奶牛效果

试验对采用冬闲水田生产的意大利黑麦草Lolium multiflorum饲养奶牛效果进行研究。通过23 d（5 d预试期+18 d正试期）的奶牛饲喂试验,发现采用部分或者全部黑麦草代替野生杂草作为奶牛的青饲料均能够不同程度地提高奶牛的日产奶量,延长奶牛的泌乳高峰期,并提高牛奶中蛋白质的含量,试验还证明了黑麦草提高牛奶乳蛋白率的作用在奶牛泌乳高峰期与下降阶段同样成立。通过经济效益估算,全部以黑麦草代替野生杂草作为奶牛青饲料,增收达到每天6.0元/头,经济效益显著。     

Assessment of the IgG index in dogs by indirect immunoenzimatic assays as diagnostic tool for inflammatory diseases of central nervous system

The IgG index measures the intrathecal immunoglobulin production and it is a useful tool for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases involving the central nervous system. This index is based on the precise quantification of albumin and IgG in canine cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Here, we report the development of an indirect competitive ELISAs for the detection of both antigens. Thirty-two dogs were included in this study, divided into three experimental groups. Group A was composed of 22 healthy animals, as determined by standard clinical examination. In group B, six animals, presented neurological pathologies associated with endogenous IgG production and, in group C four animals presented neurological diseases or symptoms not associated with intrathecal IgG production. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were obtained from these animals. As expected, by using the indirect ELISAs proposed here, the IgG indexes obtained in healthy animals (A) were 0.371+/-0.252 (SD). In B and C, the values (3.002+/-1.897; 0.36+/-0.306, respectively), were in agreement with the pathologic conditions of the individuals in each group. Thus, the immunometric competition ELISA methods proposed here allow the discrimination of abnormal intrathecal IgG production, in a variety of inflammatory pathologic conditions of the central nervous system.     

Carbon monoxide toxicity: a case series

Objective: To describe diagnostics, therapy, and sequelae of acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity because of a motor vehicle generator in 4 dogs and 2 cats. Series summary: Four dogs and 2 cats presented for recumbency, disorientation, dyspnea, and stiffness after an estimated 6–8 hour exposure to exhaust from a generator. Diagnostics included a serum carboxyhemoglobin levels evaluation, arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry readings, and blood pressure measurements. Initial therapy included oxygen (O₂) administration, intravenous bronchodilators, fluids, and a hemoglobin‐based O₂ carrying (HBOC) molecule. Following administration of the HBOC, 4 of the 6 animals showed dramatic clinical improvement. Two weeks after hospital discharge, the owner reported potential hearing deficits in all animals. Brain auditory evoked response (BAER) tests were conducted in all surviving animals and some degree of hearing impairment was documented in all cases, with complete clinical resolution noted 6 weeks later. Unique information provided: This report describes the therapeutic use of an HBOC in acute isolated CO toxicity (i.e. without the complications of smoke inhalation). In addition, delayed nervous system dysfunction was documented in all surviving animals.     

抗生素/抗性细菌/抗性基因在土壤-植物系统中迁移转化及阻控消减的研究进展

土壤和植物是人类和动物生活中最重要的环境组成,但其正受到日益严重的人为资源污染,而进入环境的抗生素是主要的污染源之一。抗生素的过度使用和排放增加了土壤–植物生态系统和人类健康面临的抗生素污染及耐药性风险。阐明抗生素及其复合抗性污染物在土壤–植物系统中的环境行为及生态毒理学机理,对管控生态环境风险及保障食品安全具有重要的意义。本文综述了近年来国内外关于土壤–植物系统中抗生素的迁移转化规律、抗生素/抗性细菌/抗性基因的生态风险以及复合抗性污染物阻控消减技术的研究进展,以期为土壤–植物系统中抗生素抗性污染风险的管控和消减提供科学支撑。