中国椰子寒害及其对策研究

椰子是一种典型的热带作物，受低温天气影响椰树会出现严重的落裂果、叶片变黄甚至整株枯死的现象；大灾之后，各地采取了一系列抗灾救灾措施，并取得了明显成效。本文对受2008年初椰树寒害的区域性、品种耐寒性进行回顾，对3年来的抗寒救灾措施进行全面总结，并对今后中国椰子生产发展提出可行性建议。     

港口原油装船VOCs大气环境影响探讨

收集了原油装船VOCs的估算方法，认为原油装船时VOCs排放量为0.012％，VOCs浓度为0.1kg／m3。采用SCREEN3对其环境影响进行分了析，结果表明：下风向最大浓度出现在400m 处，浓度值7.99mg／m3，直到2700m处，浓度值才小于1mg／m3，直到10000m处，浓度值仍为0.14mg／m3，原油装船VOCs的大气环境影响较大。     

家畜养殖生产的环境效应研究——基于浙江省67个县市的农业经济截面数据

利用浙江省67个县市的农业经济截面数据,以环境负荷量为因变量,以肉产量和耕地面积为自变量构建模型,对家畜养殖生产的环境效应进行研究。结果表明,2013年绍兴市区、衢州市区、龙游县和江山县的环境负荷量超过警戒值,金华市区、德清县和淳安县的环境负荷量超过适宜值;家畜养殖生产存在着环境负效应,并受到耕地资源的约束,其环境负荷量与肉产量正相关,与耕地面积负相关。     

微生物在环境保护中的应用及前景

从环境保护的角度出发,重点论述了微生物在这一领域的应用现状与发展前景,指出微生物将会在21世纪的环境保护领域中发挥重要作用。     

Controlling sprouting in potato tubers using ultraviolet-C irradiance

Legislation limiting the use of chlorpropham (CIPC), the major potato sprout suppressant, has led to a need for new technologies to extend storage life of tubers. Ultra violet C (UV-C) has been used postharvest to reduce disease incidence on many crops, yet its use and efficacy as a sprout suppressant has not been investigated. The aim of this project was to identify the optimum dose and treatment timing of UV-C treatment on potato tubers as an alternative method of sprout suppression to reduce the dependence on chemical sprout suppressants. Up to six potato cultivars over two seasons were treated with varying doses of UV-C ranging from 0 to 30 kJ m⁻² either at harvest or at first indication of dormancy break. The tubers were stored at 9 °C and sprout growth and incidence assessed. Treatment with moderate UV-C doses (5–20 kJ m⁻²) suppressed sprout length and sprout incidence in a range of cultivars. Periderm DNA damage and programmed cell death were not detected in response to any of the UV-C doses. The inactive ABA metabolite, ABA-GE, increased in response to 10 or 20 kJ m⁻² within 72 h of treatment. Multivariate analysis showed a negative relationship between ABA metabolites and sprout growth/incidence during storage. This study found that UV-C reduced sprout growth in potato with no deleterious effects on tuber quality. This suggests potential for further development as an alternative or supplement to conventional sprout suppressant technologies.     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

基于城市现代有轨电车建设的环境影响分析——以沈阳有轨电车建设项目为例

指出了近年来随着城市的发展,人口和汽车数量不断增多,公共交通体系急需升级,轨道交通成为城市公交系统发展方向之一。以沈阳有轨电车项目为例进行了分析,根据典型路段预测了结果:在有轨电车最高运行时速情况下,距轨道中心线20m处,大部分路段均能满足2类功能区噪声标准要求,个别路段超标原因是本底噪声较大。有轨电车项目对噪声增加的贡献值较小,不会对噪声敏感点产生较大影响。     

雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的时空动态影响及其规制研究——以长株潭城市群为例

【目的】随着美丽中国建设和三大攻坚战等战略的推进,旅游生态环境成为旅游科学研究的重要问题,研究雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的动态影响及其环境规制作用,促进旅游节能减排。【方法】本文以两型试验区长株潭城市群为例,构建关于旅游产业评价的集成指标体系,采用重心模型和回归模型计量方法,探究旅游产业和雾霾污染发展轨迹,考察旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间空间动态关联性,分析雾霾对旅游产业发展影响程度,检验雾霾污染与其他自变量交互作用下旅游产业发展的主导要素,最后以环境规制为门槛变量进一步讨论雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的影响,【结果】1)旅游产业重心偏移方向由长沙向衡阳方向移动,雾霾重心偏移方向在常德和株洲两地之间往返,无显著移动规律,旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间存在一定的空间动态关联性,且两者之间存在反向抑制作用。2)雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在影响,就研究区域而言,增加1%的雾霾污染会减少3.3%的旅游产业发展,且影响旅游产业发展的主要因素是旅游人数和环境规制。3)以环境规制为门槛变量,发现雾霾污染随着环境规制类型的不同而对旅游产业发展产生不同影响,无环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响指数为0.8%,对旅游产业发展影响显著;宽松型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.2%,影响程度略小;严密型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.1%,影响性最小。【结论】雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在负面影响,但政府环境政策可有效缓解雾霾污染,因此在环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的负面影响减弱。     

建设项目环境影响评价的局限性问题

建设项目环境影响评价主要指项目实施后可能带来的负面环境影响预测、分析与评估,进而提出预防不良环境影响的有效措施,实现跟踪监测。但是目前我国建设项目环境影响仍具有一定局限性,只有充分认识到存在的问题,积极改进,才能发挥评价的真正作用。