共同支配地位反垄断法规制“企业因素”界定

企业间的诸多因素，如企业数量、企业对称性、生产能力、以及结构联系，对它们达成或维持协调行为或一致行动很重要。因此，在判定企业是否具有共同支配地位时，必须充分考虑到这些因素，方能确保判断的准确性。目前我国反垄断执法尚未完全掌握这一考察方法，因而今后应充分借鉴相关国家的成熟经验，尽早探寻出一套契合我国国情的共同支配地位判定方法。     

Environmental correlates of body size distribution in Cyprinidae (Actinopterygians) depend on phylogenetic scale

The pattern of increasing species body size with increasing latitude has been noticed in different groups of animals. Here, we used seven key environmental factors and independent contrasts to assess body size latitudinal clines in Cyprinidae at two phylogenetic levels (inter‐ and intragenera), which were defined using a genus‐level supertree. Model selection procedures revealed that environmental factors shaping body size variation in Cyprinidae differed according to the phylogenetic scale considered. At the higher phylogenetic level, we found that both temperature (negative effect) and habitat availability (positive effect of drainage basin surface area) constituted mechanistic explanations of large‐scale body size distribution. No temperature‐related body size cline was observed at the intragenus level. Instead, competitive interaction (negative effect of species richness), habitat availability (positive effect of drainage basin surface area), migration ability and available energy (positive effects of glacial coverage and actual evapotranspiration) constitute alternative explanations at this lower phylogenetic scale. We conclude that (i) at the intergenus level, cyprinids do show a tendency to be smaller at high temperatures and larger at low temperatures, (ii) this tendency no longer exists at the intragenus level, (iii) latitude per se is a weak predictor of body size clines whatever the taxonomic level analysed, (iv) generalising geographical body size patterns may be rendered difficult by the superimposition of a series of mechanisms across different taxonomic scales, and (v) habitat size, here acting positively at both taxonomic scales, may play a major role in shaping riverine species body size clines.     

Difference in factors explaining growth rate variability in European eel subpopulations: the possible role of habitat carrying capacity

As a key parameter in the management of fish populations, individual growth rate (GR) variations were examined in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla; > 150 mm) using extensive mark–recapture surveys in the lotic habitats of two small rivers of western France: the Frémur, supposed to be saturated, and at the same latitude, the Oir with densities fivefold lower than those of the Frémur. In both systems, generalised linear models were used to test whether spatiotemporal factors such as dominant habitat type or local density affect GR variability. In the presumed unsaturated system, the Oir, GR variability is mainly explained by a set of habitat suitability drivers (density, dominant habitat type). In the Frémur, GRs appear independent of differences in habitat density or productivity. Below saturation, an increase in density will decrease the GR through intraspecific competition. At saturation, intraspecific competition reaches such high levels that regardless of eel density and productivity, the resources available by individual are similar throughout the system. In these circumstances, the effect of density on growth was presumed undetectable. Despite these contrasted results, mean GRs observed in both catchments were closed (~20 mm·year^?1). This is an unexpected result as GR is expected to be higher in unsaturated systems. This similarity could be explained by the difference between the two systems in terms of: (i) sex ratio (the Frémur is dominated by male, whereas the female is dominant in the Oir), (ii) habitat type distribution or (iii) possible interspecific competition (important salmonid populations in the Oir).     

Influence of moisture regime on inhibition of nitrification by DCD

A laboratory study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi showed that DCD was an efficient nitrification inhibitor under field capacity moisture (???30 kPa) but not so under submerged soil conditions. Nitrification inhibition by DCD was 79.6% after 1 week of incubation and decreased to 59.3% after 3 weeks of incubation under field capacity moisture, while it was only 19.3% after 1 week of incubation and 10.6% and 18.4% after 2 and 3 weeks of incubation under submergence, respectively. DCD can play an important role in reducing N losses from agricultural fields.     

对学生职业发展能力的培养初探

文章探讨了构建黄山市农机校本校特色的机电专业教育模式,发挥职业教育为科技、经济的发展服务,为学生的能力发展服务的作用,说明了在对学生职业发展能力的培养工作中的一些困难与问题。     

百花山森林资源环境价值评估分析

百花山森林资源年产出价值为19 697.29万元,其中活立木价值年增长价值为3 080.65万元,占年总产出价值的15.64%,而间接使用价值,即生态价值为14 951.04万元,占年总产出的75.90%。说明百花山森林具有极高的生态效益价值,保存森林的价值,决不仅仅是木材价值的保护,更重要的应该是森林的生态效益的价值以及非消费性价值的保护。只有在生态价值不受损害的条件下,利用其他价值才是最合理的。     

四川短尾鼩不同体重个体分布及种群繁殖力变化

对贵州省大方县1996 ～2012年采集的134只四川短尾鼩体重进行统计分析,结果表明:四川短尾鼩体重最低为12.20 g,最高达48.00 g,平均体重为(31.12±6.48)g,其雌、雄个体体重分布均呈常态分布,个体体重主要分布在22.1 ～40.0 g之间,占总兽类数的85.07％,是活动能力较强的个体.四川短尾鼩达到性成熟的体重界线为22.0 g,怀孕个体最低体重为26.00 g,睾丸下降个体最低体重为23.80 g,随着个体的增长,体重的增加,种群繁殖力不断增强,体重达30.0 g以上时,种群繁殖力迅速增加,平均怀孕率、睾丸下降率和繁殖指数分别为43.75％、80.95％和1.53,说明体重达30.0 g以上个体大部分已达到性成熟,是参与繁殖的主要个体.     

刍议城市规划中的环境保护问题思考

城市的可持续发展离不开科学、合理的城市规划。城市规划必须考虑到城市的发展和人们生活的方方面面的问题,其中,城市规划中的环境保护问题更是重中之重,必须受到城市规划者的高端重视。本文论述城市规划中的环境保护问题。     

基于环保理念的“绿色图书馆”建设

国家＂十一五＂规划中,将建设节约环保型社会作为重点内容,实行限制与鼓励性政策并举的方式,制定建筑节能环保措施,提高建筑物能源利用效率和环保功能。图书馆作为公共文化建筑物,是现代文化的标志性建筑物,理应践行绿色环保理念,引导时代潮流。本文提出了＂绿色图书馆＂的构建理念,并从建筑理念、建筑模式以及建筑原则等多方面进行论述,以探究＂绿色图书馆＂在未来社会中的价值。     

Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes

Miyazono S, Aycock JN, Miranda LE, Tietjen TE. Assemblage patterns of fish functional groups relative to habitat connectivity and conditions in floodplain lakes.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 578–585. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – We evaluated the influences of habitat connectivity and local environmental factors on the distribution and abundance patterns of fish functional groups in 17 floodplain lakes in the Yazoo River Basin, USA. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that species–environmental relationships varied with the functional groups. Species richness and assemblage structure of periodic strategists showed strong and positive correlations with habitat connectivity. Densities of most equilibrium and opportunistic strategists decreased with habitat connectivity. Densities of certain equilibrium and opportunistic strategists increased with turbidity. Forested wetlands around the lakes were positively related to the densities of periodic and equilibrium strategists. These results suggest that decreases in habitat connectivity, forested wetland buffers and water quality resulting from environmental manipulations may cause local extinction of certain fish taxa and accelerate the dominance of tolerant fishes in floodplain lakes.