‘Water war’ in the Mekong Basin?

The Mekong River system provides a crucial source of natural resources for riparian nations. However, the increasingly rapid pace of hydro‐development in the Mekong Basin is threatening the integrity of the river system, posing a real concern for Lower Basin states, which are particularly dependent on the basin. This scenario has led to warnings of armed conflict, or even ‘water war’, between riparian states. Certainly, the expanding scale of hydro‐development can be expected to continue increasing interstate tensions in the Mekong region; but are these tensions really likely to escalate to armed conflict? This paper explores this question by drawing on the water and conflict theory of Aaron Wolf. Ultimately, this paper concludes that interstate tensions over Mekong hydro‐development are unlikely to generate armed conflict. This is in part due to the strategic impracticality of such a conflict as well as the presence of a river basin management institution. Most compellingly, though, armed conflict is unlikely because the economic imperative shared by Mekong states is better served by cooperation – or at least non‐interference – than conflict, over regional hydro‐development. In closing, the paper urges that the study of water and conflict in the Mekong Basin be refocused at the intrastate level.     

生活经验与工作记忆容量对条件推理的影响

选取5种条件命题的4种推理形式作为实验材料,采用经典的OSPAN任务测得被试的工作记忆容量,考察了生活经验与工作记忆容量对条件推理的影响.研究表明:生活经验会决定问题空间的表征,从而影响条件推理过程;工作记忆容量对条件推理没有影响;生活经验和工作记忆容量没有交互作用.此外,研究还表明在条件推理中,人们倾向于使用启发式策略,较少用到分析式策略.     

建筑节能型环保砌块在新农村住房建设中的应用性研究

通过对新型建筑节能型环保砌块在技术和环境保护等方面的调查研究,针对目前新农村建设中农村居住环境改善的技术问题,阐述了该类砌块在新农村住房建设中的应用性。     

环境心理学在北川中学校园景观设计中的应用

针对北川中学的特殊使用人群,北川中学的校园景观设计中成功引入了环境心理学理论。北川中学校园景观的可意象性设计体现在道路、边界、校园入口、节点和校园广场、庭院空间等物质元素上,其空间形式以开敞空间与半开敞空间的分布为主、私密空间为辅,在视觉效果上整体风格与周围环境风格相统一,同时分别用景观音响和芳香植物丰富景观的听觉和嗅觉体验。环境心理学理论在北川中学校园景观设计中得到了较好的应用,但要真正设计出符合人们心意的景观,景观设计师还任重道远。     

民勤沙拐枣克隆种群构件结构及与环境因子的灰色关联分析

引入"构件"一词来表述植物体的不同组分,并在此基础上将其进一步发展为种群构件理论,极大地推动了植物种群生态学的发展(Bazzaz et al.,1978;Halle et al.,1978;Harper,1977;1980;钟章成,1992)。对木本植物而言,其地上部分枝或茎的顶端分生组织和侧生分生组织通过不断重复的、持续的活动产生新的分枝,构成了复杂的枝系构件和多样的外部形态特征。克隆种群对环境因子的反应首先表现在种群个体的构件结构上,对克隆植物构件的统计研究可涉及个体(基株)、分株和枝系3个水平(董鸣,1997),从构件间及其与环境因子的相     

杨树溃疡病病原的多重PCR检测技术

利用真菌通用引物ITS1/ITS4,EF1-728F/EF1-986R对4种杨树溃疡病病原菌株和环境样本的核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区ITS序列和转录延伸因子EF-1α基因序列分别进行普通和多重PCR检测,再进行测序比对分析。结果表明:退火温度为55.6℃,各引物终浓度为0.2μmol·L-1,可以成功地扩增出菌株和环境样本的目的条带,并通过测序比对鉴定出多种来自培养和环境病害组织中的溃疡病病菌,多重PCR能够检测到1ng的基因组DNA。研究结果将为建立溃疡病病原多重PCR鉴定技术和以环境溃疡病病害样本为直接检测鉴定对象的高通量的基因芯片检测方法奠定基础。     

Developments in Swedish forest policy and administration – from a “policy of restriction” toward a “policy of cooperation”

Abstract

New tools and forms of cooperation at the landscape level are needed in order for forestry and environmental conservation to co-exist in areas with many land owners. Awareness has existed for several years in Sweden that cooperation at the landscape level is essential for protecting areas of high environmental value. This awareness has come to expression in several projects and initiatives. One of these projects is the Östra Vätterbranterna Partnership, a successful example of the new orientation toward environmental management as formulated in the government bill Sustainable protection of nature areas: new working methods with a focus on collaboration and increased dialog by involving more actors and utilizing a greater combination of steering instruments. This development resonates with the growing trend toward deregulation and less state intervention in environmental management, implying a stronger emphasis on new governance structures and market-driven processes. This paper examines the preconditions for a development toward governance-oriented forms of steering in the area of environmental policy and law, with specific emphasis on the protection of forestry areas with high environmental value. Paralleling this development, the transformation of environmental public administration is analyzed, using a model representing three different perspectives on administration's role, values and meaning, showing state action's progressive transition from “rowing” to “steering” to “serving” and facilitating.     

三达生态型现代农业园农业环境现状调查与评价

以标准NY/T1054-2006为依据,确定了对三达生态型现代农业园的环境调查内容,建立了园区环境监测方案,通过对园区农业环境要素:土壤、种植业灌溉水、畜禽饮用水、农产品加工用水和环境空气的监测评价,结合环境调查结果得出结论:三达生态型现代农业园农业生产环境达到了生产绿色食品的环境要求。     

城市交通环境影响评价指标体系

交通服务的对象是人,影响最大的也是人,但是目前环境影响评价单纯的从生物、物理、化学指标入手,在交通以人为本的今天是远远不够的。环境影响评价更多的应该考虑人的意愿,根据人的意原,相应的对居民认为影响最大的因素进行评价,找出应对措施,使交通对人的负面影响降到最低。