自然观教学中的几个问题

本文讨论自然辩证法课程中自然观部分教学中的若干问题，包括自然观板块的构成及各部分教学实践中的一些具体问题。     

科研情报中的信息熵

从信息的概念入手,叙述了信息熵、信息量表达式的含义。对水土保持研究所的学科结构分布进行了统计并作了信息熵计算。对计算结果加以分析,表明了信息熵应用到科研情报中的意义,开拓了情报学研究的新领域。     

ORTHOGONAL COLLOCATION METHOD AND IT APPLICAIONS IN THE CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Being a kind of MWR, the orthogonal colloacation method can be conveniently used to reduce the initial-boundary value problems of the partial differential equations to initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the orthogonal collocation method is introduced in detail and by using it the dynamic characteristics of a steam-water heater are investigated.     

THE THEOREM OF STATIONARY VALUE OF WEIGHTED ENERGY AND ITS WEIGHTING FUNCTIONS

This paper presents two energy functionals which are made as stationary values. Thus, the theorem of stationary value of weighted generalized potential energy and the theorem of stationary value of weighted generalized complementary energy are established. In the first theorem, the stress boundary weighting function must be equal to the internal weighting function while the displacement boundary weighting function is independen; and in the (?)econd theorem, the displacement boundary weighting function must be equal to the internal weighting function while the stress boundary weighting function is independent.     

An Evaluating Method of Human Resource Value Based on Rough Set

As the development of knowledge economic , human resource has been the core of the world economic .So searching the reasonable evaluating and managing methods becomes one of the hot issues which have been concerned by people . Traditional evaluating methods of human resource are simple and direct , but they greatly depend on people's subjective judgement and experience . In order to overcome the default , this paper puts forward the method of synthetically evaluation on rough sets, which takes advantage of the rough sets theory, the concept of information entropy and relative analysis to filter the original indexes, then to standardize the importance degree of every index and get the weight of every index. Synthetically valuation model and corresponding arithmetic are summed up. Finally the sample illuminates the validity and feasibility of this method.     

用综合加权评分法优化钻井泥浆配方的研究

通过对影响泥浆质量因素的分析,进行了泥浆配方试验,并运用多指标试验的综合加权评分法,结合直观分析、极差分析,寻找出了一个最优泥浆配方,在实践中产生了良好的经济效益     

基于熵权物元模型的黄芩适宜生境区划

[目的]黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)是中国3级野生保护药材物种。利用生境适宜性评价模型对黄芩的适宜生境进行区划,并计算各适宜生境面积,为保护和实现黄芩资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。[方法]利用熵权物元模型,建立黄芩标志性药用成分黄芩苷(C21H18O11)含量与15个环境评价因子之间的模糊隶属函数,采用熵值法确定各评价因子权重,结合GIS空间分析模拟中国黄芩生境适宜区地理空间分布。[结果]中国黄芩不适宜生境、低适宜生境、中适宜生境和高适宜生境的面积分别为5.07×106,1.65×106,1.88×106和1.00×106 km2,其中高适宜生境主要集中在秦岭—淮河一线以北,以河南、山东、辽宁、陕西中南部、河北、吉林、黑龙江南部、山西南部等地区为显著代表,此外云南、安徽等省也有少量分布,与实际分布范围极为吻合。[结论]评价因子中平均日较差、降水季节性变化、最湿月降水量以及坡向基本控制了黄芩的地理空间分布。     

基于PSR模型的能源-生态复合区生态安全预警研究——以山西省忻州市为例

[目的]以山西省忻州市为例,探讨能源与生态复合区生态安全预警,为区域生态保护规划及区域高质量发展提供依据。[方法]基于PSR概念模型框架,从人口、资源、经济、环境、生态要素选取了21个指标建立了能源—生态复合区生态安全预警评价指标体系,采用熵值法确定权重,对山西省忻州市2000—2018年生态安全预警进行分析。[结果]①2018年忻州市14县综合预警值介于0.356 2～0.587 0之间,平均值为0.491 2,预警等级处于中警至轻警范围内。其中忻府区、定襄、五台、繁峙、静乐5县(区)警情为中警状态,其余7县(市)均为轻警状态,忻州市整体生态安全并不乐观,生态安全等级较低。②2000—2018年忻州市生态安全预警值呈波动缓慢上升趋势,警情为中警等级的县减少,轻警等级的县增加。[结论]研究区生态安全空间上呈现不均衡性,警情整体趋于改善,主要取决于系统压力中的经济、资源、环境压力趋缓。     

基于理想点法的矿区生态环境敏感性评价

[目的]对河北省保定市涞源县13个主要矿区进行生态环境敏感性评价,旨在为矿区生态环境评价和治理提供理论基础和技术保障。[方法]通过PSR框架模型建立矿区生态环境敏感性评价指标体系,并引入理想点(TOPSIS)法。[结果](1)空间布局上,涞源县南部矿区生态环境质量较差,中部矿区中等,而北部矿区较好;(2)具体矿区上,塔崖驿乡矿区、东团堡乡矿区生环境敏感性最好,而乌龙沟乡矿区最差。[结论]引入TOPSIS法进行小尺度县域矿区范围内生态环境敏感性评价,评价过程简便易行,可操作性强,且不受评价指标个数的影响,评价结果更加准确、客观、实用,能很好地反映涞源县各矿区生态环境的优劣程度及区域差异。