主成分分析法在植株液流影响因素研究中的应用

利用美国DYNAMAX公司产DYNAGAGE包裹式茎流测量系统和澳大利亚产MONITOR自动气象站于2005年8月20日-9月21日测量了鲁东大学校内一株典型龙爪槐的液流量和微环境气象条件,并利用主成分分析法对液流量数据及其微环境气象因子数据进行了分析.结果显示：影响植株液流量的环境因子可以分为太阳辐射和空气湿度两个主成分,据此构造的综合环境影响因子与液流量回归分析效果较好,决定系数为0.867;与太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、温度、湿度和风速等5个气象因子与液流量的回归效果相比,综合环境影响因子与液流量的回归效果更好.     

纤维素降解菌对农业有机废弃物发酵进行CO2施肥的作用

采用室内培养和大棚试验相结合,对分离的3种纤维素降解菌在有机废弃物发酵释放CO₂中的作用及其对增加大棚CO₂浓度的效果进行了研究。结果表明,分离获得的三种菌均能明显促进有机废弃物发酵CO₂的释放,其中菌A和菌C的效果优于菌B;3种菌混合接种时效果最佳。在大棚栽培条件下,昼间CO₂浓度大部分时间低于300μL/L,处于亏缺状态;采用棚中不接种直接发酵也可大幅提高大棚的CO₂浓度,但释放的时间只有9.d左右;采用3种菌混合接种的方法棚内全天维持CO₂浓度800μL/L以上的时间可达14.d以上。     

牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。     

水培条件下CO2与NH+4/NO-3配比对番茄幼苗生育的影响

升高CO₂浓度能够促进作物的光合作用，提高作物的生物量和产量，但关于CO₂与NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比及其交互作用对作物影响的研究较少，为探索番茄幼苗生长发育对CO₂浓度升高的响应是否对NH⁺₄/NO^-₃配比有较强的依赖关系，本试验在营养液栽培条件下，以番茄(Lycopersicun esculentum Mill)为试材，研究正常大气CO₂浓度(360 μL/L)和倍增CO₂浓度(720 μL/L)与不同NH⁺₄/NO^-₃配比的交互作用对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：CO₂浓度升高提高了低NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例处理中番茄叶片的光合速率和水分利用率，提高幅度随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的降低而增强，光合速率增强最大达55%。在同一CO₂浓度处理下净光合速率与水分利用率均随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的增加而显著降低。这说明CO₂浓度升高对番茄幼苗生长发育的促进作用随NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例的降低而提高，但并没有减弱全NH⁺₄-N处理中番茄幼苗的受毒害作用。综上所述，CO₂浓度升高能提高植物生产的节水能力和水分生产力；水培条件下，NO^-₃-N是最适合番茄幼苗生长发育的氮源，其它NH⁺₄/NO^-₃比例对番茄幼苗的生长发育有一定的抑制作用，仅以NH⁺₄-N作氮源则番茄幼苗很难生长。     

固定化纤维素酶催化反应动力学模型研究

建立固定化纤维素酶反应动力学模型，在此基础上系统研究了席勒模数、产物竞争性抑制、体系宏观底物浓度等因素对球形载体内部底物分布的影响，并讨论了各因素对固定化纤维素酶效率因子的影响。结果表明席勒模数增大使载体内底物浓度降低，效率因子减小；产物竞争性抑制增大使载体内底物浓度升高，对效率因子的影响与席勒模数和体系宏观底物浓度有关，共存的产物竞争性抑制和内扩散限制之间存在相互减弱对方影响的效应；体系宏观底物浓度增大使载体内底物浓度升高，效率因子增大，可以减弱席勒模数与产物竞争性抑制的影响。     

土壤结构组成对K+运移障碍因子的定量研究

With six packed columns composed of <1 μm and 5 μm~0.25 mm fractions from an Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Columns 1~6) and one column of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Column 7), K⁺ transport experiments under the condition of saturated steady water flow were conducted to qualify the effects of soil texture composition on the retardation factor (R) of K⁺ transport. The results showed that the retardation factor of K⁺ transport in the tested soil columns greatly increased with increasing clay contents. In an attempt to use pedo-transfer function (PTF) approach in the solute transport study, a preliminary PTF was established through the six packed columns (Columns 1~6) with soil basic data including soil bulk density, volumetric water content and clay content to predict the retardation factor, and proved valid by the satisfactory prediction of R in Column 7.     

Phylogeny and nodulation signal molecule of rhizobial populations able to nodulate common beans—other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli—present in soils from the northwest of Argentina

We examined the bean rhizobia community other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli present in soils of a region that is part of the range occupied by the host in Northwest Argentina, which showed Rep and 16S rDNA RFLP polymorphism. Two populations represented by isolates T29N3L and T44N22P were found to be distinct chromosomal genotypes and closely related to species Rhizobium tropici and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Their symbiotic genes were analyzed and found to cluster with those from R. tropici as well as with rhizobia isolated from leguminous trees. Three nodulation metabolites produced by T44N22P were detected which are tetra- and pentameric chitocompounds, N-methylated, O-carbamoylated, and N-substituted either by a C_18:0 or C_18:1 acyl chain at their non-reducing end, and all them sulphated at the reducing end. Isolates T29N3L and T44N22P exhibited broad host range but unlike T29N3L, only T44N22P was able to efficiently nodulate Medicago truncatula.     

晋西黄土区基于地形因子的土壤水分分异规律研究

以山西省吉县蔡家川小流域典型梁峁坡面为研究对象,在研究区共布设313个土壤水分监测点,用TDR测定土壤(0~30cm,30~60cm)水分,经克立格(kriging)插值得到了研究区土壤水分分布图,并与基于数字高程模型(DEM)提取的研究区域坡向、坡度、高程3个地形因子分布图叠加,生成土壤水分与地形因子相对应的数据库,用以分析坡面尺度地形因子对土壤水分的影响情况及基于地形因子的土壤水分分异规律。通过主成分分析得出:地形因子对土壤水分影响的次序依次为坡向>高程>坡度。通过对坡向和坡度聚类分析得出:影响土壤水分分异的坡向可分为两类,即292.5°~360°(0°)~112.5°(阴坡),112.5°~292.5°(阳坡);影响土壤水分分异的坡度分为:5°~20°,20°~35°两类。依据坡度和坡向的分类结果,分别拟合土壤水分和地形因子的函数关系,求出不同坡度、坡向土壤水分的关系系数:若假定坡度为5°~20°、坡向为阴坡时,土壤水分关系系数为1,则坡度为5°~20°、坡向为时阳坡时土壤水分关系系数为0.99,坡度20°~35°、坡向为阴坡时土壤水分关系系数是0.82,坡度20°~35°、坡向为阳坡时土壤水分关系系数为0.8。     

风沙过渡区土地利用变化及其驱动因素分析--以陕北榆阳区为例

在GIS技术的支持下，依据土地利用动态度模型、区域差异模型和土地利用程度模型，全面分析了榆林市榆阳区1988～2001年土地利用的时空变化，并对土地利用变化的驱动因素进行了详尽分析。结果表明：林地、园地、耕地、居民点及工矿用地、交通用地均呈增长趋势，未利用地、牧草地和水域星减少趋势113年来，榆阳区土地利用变化速度较快，年变化率为0．45％。大于榆林市的土地利用变化速度；榆阳区土地利用变化存在着显著的区域差异；榆阳区土地利用处于发展期，并在榆林市的土地利用变化中发展较快。榆阳区土地利用变化过程中。自然因素的作用并不明显，社会、经济、技术等人文因素则在短期内具有决定性的影响。其中以总人口、工业总产值、乡镇企业个数和城市化水平等因子的作用最大。     

沿海拔梯度分布的柑橘园中土壤肥力因子与丛枝菌根共生体的关系

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) symbionts are able to greatly affect soil fertility. However, the relationships between AM symbiosis development levels and citrus mycorrhizosphere soil fertility remain weakly known in field. In our study, AM colonization, spore density, hyphal length density, and glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP) content in citrus(Robertson naval orange grafted on Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchards along an altitudinal gradient were investigated seasonally in southern China. The results showed that AM colonization and abundances of spore and hyphae fluctuated significantly in different seasons and altitudes. The highest AM colonization(83.03%) was observed in orchards at 200 m above sea level in summer, spore density(16.8 spores g-1soil) in orchards at 400 m in autumn, and hyphal length density(2.36 m g-1soil) in orchards at 600 m orchards in summer; while the lowest values(43.60%, 2.7 spores g-1soil and 0.52 m g-1soil of AM colonization, spore density, and hyphal length density, respectively) were all observed in orchards at 800 m in winter. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the soil properties such as soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, and p H were significantly(P < 0.05) positively correlated with either citrus total AM colonization or the abundances of spore and hyphae. GRSP was significantly(P < 0.05) positively correlated with soil organic matter and p H.Redundancy analysis supported that soil environmental factors such as altitude, GRSP, soil organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable N severely(Monte Carlo permutation tests, P = 0.002) influenced AM colonization and abundances of spore and hyphae in citrus orchards. Our data demonstrated that soil environmental factors are vital in determining AM symbiosis development in citrus orchards.