Immunisation of pigs with a major envelope protein sub-unit vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) results in enhanced clinical disease following experimental challenge

Disease exacerbation was observed in pigs challenged with virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) following immunisation with a recombinant GP5 sub-unit PRRSV vaccine (rGP5) produced in E. coli. Eighteen animals were divided into three experimental groups: group A were immunised twice IM with rGP5, 21 days apart; group B acted as positive controls (challenged but not immunised); and group C were negative controls. Pigs in groups A and B were challenged 21 days after the second immunisation of the group A animals. Following challenge, three pigs given rGP5 exhibited more severe clinical signs than the positive controls, including respiratory distress and progressive weight-loss. Although not statistically significant, the more severe disease exhibited by group A animals may suggest previous immunisation as a contributory factor. The mechanisms of these findings remain unclear and no association could be established between the severity of disease, non-neutralising antibody concentrations and tissue viral loads.     

大兴安岭林区一次飞机增雨作业的条件识别和效果分析

应用GRAPES模式预报资料、卫星云特征参量产品、L波段探空数据、雷达资料等,对2015年6月6日大兴安岭林区一次飞机增雨作业过程进行条件判别并初步分析了作业效果。结果表明,GRAPES模式对云宏观场的模拟效果较好,云带范围、云顶高度、云顶温度、发展趋势与实况基本一致,垂直累积过冷水含量及其水凝物的预报为作业条件的识别提供了重要参考;作业后影响区内降水回波面积增大、回波增强,云层增厚,垂直累积液态水含量有所增加。     

牛肉图像线性增强的统一实现

图像增强是图像处理中非常重要的一种技术，线性增强技术在牛肉图像处理过程中必不可少。为此，从实际程序设计出发，采用而向对象的编程思路，通过对话框来接受用户输入的数据，最后用一个程序来完全实现各种线性增强技术，并用牛肉图像作为载体，实验证明本技术完全正确。     

The effect of including anti-Ig sera in the haemagglutination inhibition test forMycoplasma gallisepticum

Addition of anti-immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM), G (anti-IgG) and A (anti-IgA) sera to the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test (anti-Ig HI test) forMycoplasma gallisepticum resulted in 2- to 8-fold increases in the HI titres. On investigating the anti-Ig HI reaction using IgM and IgG antibodies separated by affinity chromatography, it was confirmed that, in the enhanced HI titres, specificity existed between the chicken Ig classes having antibody activity and the antisera used in the test. Four days after inoculation ofM. gallisepticum, the anti-Ig HI reaction was markedly enhanced by anti-IgM antiserum in the intravenously inoculated chickens and by anti-IgA serum in the nasally inoculated chickens. Ten days after inoculation ofM. gallisepticum marked enhancement of the reaction was produced by anti-IgG serum in both intravenously and nasally inoculated chickens, but the enhancement of the anti-Ig HI reaction diminished from the second week after inoculation.     

一次人工影响天气作业的增雨效果分析

随着科技水平的提高,人工影响天气作业作为防灾减灾的科学手段,其效果和效益越来越受人们关注。采用高炮或火箭向对流云或层状云中播撒碘化银,对云层中的水滴或冰粒子实施人工干预,进行静力催化和动力催化,促进和加速水滴或冰粒增长并下落,达到人工增雨抗旱的目的,其直接效益已得到一致公认。对2012年3月21日聊城市一次人工增雨抗旱作业的直接增雨效果进行了分析,初步得出在初春层状云中实施人工影响天气作业的效果十分明显。     

甘肃省玛曲县人工增雨气象条件分析

分析了甘肃省玛曲县降水的气候背景和天气系统,结果表明,80%的降水是由中尺度对流云团造成。为此,综述了用卫星云图分析青藏高原MCSs活动的特征及其大尺度环境条件和降水的关系,发现青南高原和玛曲对流云团的低云冰水路径,其中心强度为223～245 g/m2,大于东侧的陇南和陕南,而高云光学厚度则相反,玛曲仅为8,是陇南和陕南的44%,显然与高原海拔高度较高有关。玛曲的大降水多由对流云团产生,降水效率较小约为19%～40%,人工增雨潜力应比冷锋高云带大,但小于古巴热带对流云的增雨率39.7%。     

Antiviral effect of dietary germanium biotite supplementation in pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Germanium biotite (GB) is an aluminosilicate mineral containing 36 ppm germanium. The present study was conducted to better understand the effects of GB on immune responses in a mouse model, and to demonstrate the clearance effects of this mineral against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of a feed supplement that would promote immune activity and help prevent diseases. In the mouse model, dietary supplementation with GB enhanced concanavalin A (ConA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation and increased the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. In pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV, viral titers in lungs and lymphoid tissues from the GB-fed group were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group 12 days post-infection. Corresponding histopathological analyses demonstrated that GB-fed pigs displayed less severe pathological changes associated with PRRSV infection compared to the control group, indicating that GB promotes PRRSV clearance. These antiviral effects in pigs may be related to the ability of GB to increase CD3+CD8+ T lymphocyte production observed in the mice. Hence, this mineral may be an effective feed supplement for increasing immune activity and preventing disease.     

青海农牧业科技推广体系增强活力的长效机制研究

通过对青海省农牧业科技推广体系机制建设现状及问题分析,明确了青海省农牧业科技推广体系建设增强活力长效机制的重要性,在此基础上分析了目前青海农技推广长效机制建设的目标和主要内容,并就长效机制确立的路径进行了探索,提出了建设增强活力的长效机制的对策建议.