反转录病毒载体RCASBP介导的EGFP基因在DF-1细胞中的表达

为建立反转录病毒载体RCASBP介导的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因在DF-1细胞中的表达体系,本研究将PCR获得的EGFP基因插入反转录病毒载体RCASBP,构建重组反转录病毒载体RCASBP-EGFP,之后将重组载体转染DF-1细胞;用基于禽白血病病毒(ALV) p27抗原的ELISA检测盲传至第4代的细胞上清,ELISA阳性结果说明重组病毒拯救成功;荧光显微镜观察发现80%以上DF-1细胞都有明显的绿色荧光信号,证明DF-1细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白;对DF-1细胞基因组进行特异性PCR检测,扩增出特异性条带说明重组反转录病毒载体RCASBP-EGFP携带的EGFP基因整合到DF-1细胞的基因组中。本研究建立的RCASBP介导反转录病毒表达体系为研究ALV基因的结构和功能奠定了基础。     

UV-B辐射下离体芒果成年叶抗氧化响应

利用分光光度法,研究了增强UV-B辐射条件下＂台农一号＂芒果盆栽苗离体成年叶片抗氧化响应。结果表明：UV-B处理使叶片丙二醛含量和相对电导率升高,叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b降低,说明处理引起了叶片损伤,且随处理时间的延长叶片伤害加重;UV-B处理的叶片可溶性蛋白、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素含量和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照,Vc和还原型谷胱甘肽含量明显低于对照,超氧化物歧化酶活性表现为前期（8 h前）高于对照和后期（10 h后）低于对照,说明增强UV-B辐射可诱导叶片细胞通过清除活性氧、积累保护色素直接吸收部分UV-B辐射和增强渗透调节能力来提高抗增强UV-B辐射损伤的能力。     

国内外微生物凝固天然胶乳的研究进展

论述国内外微生物凝固天然胶乳的研究历程,并对其凝固特点进行比较分析;着重探讨影响微生物凝固的因素以及对天然橡胶的硫化性能影响;指出问题所在,对其前景进行展望。     

芒果离体幼叶在增强UV—B辐射处理下的损伤和保护反应

以台农一号芒果盆栽苗离体幼叶为试材,研究增强UV—B辐射条件下芒果幼叶的损伤和保护反应。结果表明：UV—B辐射处理使芒果幼叶MDA含量和相对电导率升高、叶绿素含量和叶绿素a／h降低,且随处理时间的延长叶片损伤加重。UV—B辐射处理叶片可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT）活性、保护色素（类胡萝卜素、类黄酮）和还原型GSH含量显著高于对照叶片,UV—B辐射处理叶片VtiC含量和POD活性显著低于对照叶片,表明增强UV—B辐射可诱导叶片细胞通过提高活性氧清除能力和积累保护色素来直接吸收部分UV—B辐射,从而提高抗增强UV—B辐射损伤的能力。     

Effects of Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Bacteria on the Stability of Aerobic Granular Sludge

The characteristics of granules of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria were studied. The autotrophic granules were characterized by smaller granule size, higher density, higher concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and weaker strength compared with the heterotrophic ones. The diameter and density of autotrophic granules were changed in the same fashion, resulting in stable granules, and the heterotrophic granule, however, grew up with the increase of diameter and the decrease of density. According to the strength analysis, it is proposed that in the autotrophic system, the balance between EPS and porosity is the main reason for the long term stability. However, the balance could not be obtained in the heterotrophic system and that the operational conditions could not control the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria was the reason for the instability.     

强化混凝净化微污染水源水的效益分析

通过烧杯试验,分别以硫酸铝、硫酸铁、氯化铁、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM阴离子型,絮凝剂)为混凝剂,研究了混凝剂种类、投加量和投加方式对微污染水源水的净化效果,并进行了相应的经济效益分析。结果表明,试验中所采用的硫酸铝、PAC、PAFC、氯化铁、硫酸铁5种混凝剂中,铝盐类混凝剂单独使用时,对于有机物(以CODMn作为指标)的去除效果,以PAFC最佳。有机物去除率在试验条件为"PAM+其他混凝剂"联合投加时,铝盐混凝剂中以PAC的处理效果最佳。考虑到实际运行中的经济方面的因素,建议采用PAFC或PAM+PAC对微污染水源进行混凝方法处理,是技术经济最优值,投加量分别为15～30、10~30 mg/L。     

FEASIBILITY OF CONTRAST‐ENHANCED ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED BIOPSY OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODES IN DOGS

Our goal was to develop and validate a technique to identify the sentinel lymph nodes of the mammary glands of healthy dogs with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, and evaluate the feasibility of obtaining representative samples of a sentinel lymph node under ultrasound guidance using a new biopsy device. Three healthy intact female adult hounds were anesthetized and each received an injection of octafluoropropane‐filled lipid microspheres and a separate subcutaneous injection of methylene blue dye around a mammary gland. Ultrasound was then used to follow the contrast agent through the lymphatic channel to the sentinel lymph node. Lymph node biopsy was performed under ultrasound guidance, followed by an excisional biopsy of the lymph nodes and a regional mastectomy procedure. Excised tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination and evaluated as to whether they were representative of the node. The ultrasound contrast agent was easily visualized with ultrasound leading up to the sentinel lymph nodes. Eight normal lymph nodes (two inguinal, one axillary in two dogs; two inguinal in one dog) were identified and biopsied. Lymphoid tissue was obtained from all biopsy specimens. Samples from four of eight lymph nodes contained both cortical and medullary lymphoid tissue. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound can be successfully used to image and guide minimally invasive biopsy of the normal sentinel lymph nodes draining the mammary glands in healthy dogs. Further work is needed to evaluate whether this technique may be applicable in patients with breast cancer or other conditions warranting evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in animals.     

The effect of unfractionated heparin on thrombelastographic analysis in healthy dogs

Objective – To determine the effect of single and multiple doses of SQ heparin (200 U/kg) on the thrombelastogram of healthy dogs. Design – Prospective study. Setting – University research facility. Animals – Six random‐source female dogs. Interventions – Baseline parameters, including a CBC with platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and antithrombin were performed. Thrombelastography (TEG) and aPTT were performed hourly for 12 hours after unfractionated heparin dosing (200 U/kg, SQ). Anti‐Xa activity was assayed at 0, 3, 6, and 8 hours. Heparin was then administered every 8 hours for 3 days. The sampling protocol on Day 4 was identical to Day 1. Measurements and Main Results – On Day 1, percentage change from baseline for TEG parameter R, as well as absolute values of K, angle, and maximum amplitude (MA) were evaluated. Statistically significant (P<0.01) prolongation of the R time and a decrease in angle and MA was seen in all dogs by hour 3. R and MA were unmeasurable for most dogs between 3 and 5 hours. All TEG tracings returned to baseline by 12 hours. Day 4 TEG tracings mimicked those on Day 1. Only 1 dog achieved aPTT values outside the reference interval on both days. Anti‐Xa activity levels increased on Day 4 but not on Day 1. Based on post hoc in vitro analysis, prolongation of R time occurred at plasma heparin levels as low as 0.075 U/mL, well below the lower limit of detection of the anti‐Xa activity level assay. Conclusions – Administration of SQ heparin results in progressive changes in the TEG tracing, with maximal change occurring 3–5 hours after dosing. The extensive prolongation of the R time also indicates that TEG may be too sensitive and limits its utility as a monitoring tool for unfractionated heparin therapy.     

微波辐射凝固天然橡胶硫化胶热氧降解动力学的研究

采用红外光谱(FTIR)分析了微波辐射凝固天然橡胶(NR-m)的结构。采用热分析(TA)法研究了NR-m、酸凝固天然橡胶(NR-a)和自然微生物凝固天然橡胶(NR-n)3种硫化胶在空气气氛中的热氧降解行为;TG和DTG分析结果显示：3种硫化胶的热氧降解均为两步反应,由T0.05判断NR-m硫化胶的热氧稳定性介于NR-a硫化胶和NR-n硫化胶之间;通过Achar法和Coats-Redfem法求得,3种硫化胶热氧降解的微分式机理函数为f(α)=1/2·α-1、积分式机理函数为g(α)＝α2,属于一维扩散机理,NR-m硫化胶的热氧降解平均活化能为145.9～152.3 kJ/mol。     

UV-B辐射增强对喜树叶片色素含量和形态结构的影响

笔者通过盆栽试验,以自然辐射为对照,研究人工增强UV-B辐射下（5.0 μW/cm2）喜树叶片中光合色素、类黄酮化合物含量及叶片形态结构的变化。试验结果表明：（1）UV-B辐射增强导致喜树叶片总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值（Chla/Chlb）及类黄酮类化合物含量上升,并随后呈下降趋势,而类胡萝卜素含量持续升高;（2）UV-B辐射增强导致叶形呈不对称状,色素分布异常,并伴有上表皮增厚、栅栏组织细胞增多、叶绿体扭曲的变化;（3）UV-B辐射增强使喜树叶片上表皮蜡质层增厚,表皮毛和腺毛数量增多,腺毛变短而粗;下表皮气孔被蜡质覆盖,开度变小。因此,增强UV-B辐射处理后,喜树幼苗体内的防御系统启动,叶片形态发生适应性变化,但最终喜树叶片细胞膜系统仍受到伤害并出现膜脂过氧化。