水体pH对化学混凝除COD的影响研究

[目的]研究水体pH对化学混凝除COD的影响。[方法]以新配制的COD标准溶液为研究对象,选取PAC、PAFC、PA胯和PFS4种絮凝剂,考察pH对化学混凝除COD的影响。[结果]PAC、PAFC、PA砖的最佳絮凝pH为6iCOD的去除率分别达到28．8％、28．8％和27．3％;PFS的最佳絮凝pH为9,COD去除率达到40．7％。[结论]该研究可为水体COD的化学混凝去除提供参考。     

生物凝固法天然橡胶试生产的质量因素分析

对生物凝固法进行试生产,对比研究2种胶的6项性能,贮存时间对天然橡胶Po和PRI值的影响,并对影响生物凝固液及胶乳凝固效果的因素进行分析与讨论。结果表明：生物凝固胶的6项性能较好,生物凝固胶的Po值比甲酸凝固胶的Po值高,两种胶的PRI值较相似。从理论计算可看出,生物凝固直接费用比甲酸凝固直接费用每吨干胶可节约41～43.5元。     

超声波联合混凝法处理制药废水的研究

为了探讨单独超声波降解法、混凝法及2种方法联合处理制药废水的可行性,研究了超声波辐射时间、功率以及混凝剂的种类、浓度对制药废水中COD和NH3-N去除的影响。结果表明：（1）超声波单独处理制药废水时,COD和NH3-N去除率先随着超声波辐射时间(200~1000 s)的增大而增大,最佳时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N的最大去除率分别为27.80%、45.34%;超声波辐射时间为1000 s,COD和NH3-N去除率随着超声波辐射功率的增大而先增大后减小。（2）单独用混凝剂处理制药废水时,COD的去除率随着混凝剂的浓度(0.1~0.6 g/L)的增大而先增大后减小,PAC在0.3 g/L时为最佳,COD的去除率为40.10%,NH3-N的平均去除率保持在5%左右。（3）在各自的最佳状态下,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理的COD和NH3-N的去除率高,分别为61.24%、58.63%。试验表明,先用超声波处理后加混凝剂比先加混凝剂后用超声波处理对COD和NH3-N的去除率高。     

Evidence for cross-adaptation between s-triazine herbicides resulting in reduced efficacy under field conditions

BACKGROUND: Enhanced atrazine degradation has been observed in agricultural soils from around the globe. Soils exhibiting enhanced atrazine degradation may be cross-adapted with other s-triazine herbicides, thereby reducing their control of sensitive weed species. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the field persistence of simazine in atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils, (2) to compare mineralization of ring-labeled (14)C-simazine and (14)C-atrazine between atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils and (3) to evaluate prickly sida control with simazine in atrazine-adapted and non-adapted soils.RESULTS: Pooled over two pre-emergent (PRE) application dates, simazine field persistence was 1.4-fold lower in atrazine-adapted than in non-adapted soils. For both simazine and atrazine, the mineralization lag phase was 4.3-fold shorter and the mineralization rate constant was 3.5-fold higher in atrazine-adapted than in non-adapted soils. Collectively, the persistence and mineralization data confirm cross-adaptation between these s-triazine herbicides. In non-adapted soils, simazine PRE at the 15 March and 17 April planting dates reduced prickly sida density at least 5.4-fold compared with the no simazine PRE treatment. Conversely, in atrazine-adapted soils, prickly sida densities were not statistically different between simazine PRE and no simazine PRE at either planting date, thereby indicating reduced simazine efficacy in atrazine-adapted soils.CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the potential for cross-adaptation among s-triazine herbicides and the subsequent reduction in the control of otherwise sensitive weed species. Copyright (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Mozzarella干酪凝乳过程中理化特性及微观结构的变化

为了解牛奶凝乳过程中理化特性及微观结构的变化,研究了Mozzarella干酪凝乳过程中表观粘度、自由巯基含量、流变特性和微观结构的变化,结果表明,加入凝乳酶后,体系中的二硫键即开始减少,至30 min时出现明显增加趋势,而牛奶的表观粘度、弹性模量、粘性模量都在30～40 min出现升高,通过共聚焦激光显微镜可以观察到此时的蛋白质颗粒发生剧烈的凝集;随着凝乳的发展,二硫键生成量增加,凝乳的表观粘度、弹性模量、粘性模量也呈增加趋势,酪蛋白胶束越来越聚集、收缩.通过表观粘度和流变特性测定到的凝乳时间与用共聚焦显微镜观察到的凝乳时间都比较接近,说明3种方法都可用于凝乳时间的客观判断.     

Changes in the coagulation parameters in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy between before and after treatment

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is known to induce hypercoagulability and resultant thromboembolism in dogs. We hypothesized that hypercoagulability would improve if remission was obtained in dogs with PLE after treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the coagulation parameters after treatment in dogs diagnosed with PLE. As coagulation parameters, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and antithrombin (AT) were measured. In addition to these parameters, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), which evaluates the comprehensive coagulation and fibrinolysis reactions of whole blood, was conducted and the data of clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), α angle (α), maximum clot firmness (MCF) and lysis index at 60 min (LI60) were obtained. Eleven of the 14 dogs diagnosed with PLE were classified as responders to the treatment based on the changes in their plasma albumin (ALB) concentration after treatment. Significant increase in CFT and decrease of α and MCF indicating the resolution of hypercoagulability were found after treatment in responder dogs; however, there was no significant change in the coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters other than those measured by ROTEM. This study demonstrated that the hypercoagulability detected by ROTEM was significantly improved after treatment in dogs with PLE.     

慢病毒载体介导成纤维细胞高效稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白

试验尝试建立稳定表达外源基因的人成纤维细胞系。取成年男性包皮皮肤的皮下组织,分离培养人皮肤成纤维细胞,分别采用脂质体和慢病毒载体介导转染人皮肤成纤维细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白。结果显示,来自成年人包皮皮下组织的成纤维细胞呈梭形,具有快速的增殖和稳定的生长性能。脂质体介导转染的人皮肤成纤维细胞绿色荧光蛋白表达不稳定,阳性细胞表达率低,转染后的人成纤维细胞变得更为细长,细胞生长速度降低。慢病毒载体介导人皮肤成纤维细胞高效稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白,转染后细胞生长性能和形态没有变化,经过多次传代和冻存复苏对人皮肤成纤维细胞绿色荧光蛋白的表达没有影响,通过流式细胞仪对慢病毒介导表达绿色荧光蛋白的人皮肤成纤维细胞检测显示,绿色荧光蛋白表达阳性率为99.85%,并且表达绿色荧光蛋白的人皮肤成纤维细胞细胞均一程度为76.05%。试验证实了慢病毒载体能够高效稳定介导人皮肤成纤维细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白。     

渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲棉田土壤盐分估算及遥感反演

基于研究区的野外采样数据与Landsat 8遥感影像提取的增强型植被指数,构建渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲棉田土壤盐分估算模型,并对土壤盐分的空间分布格局进行预测。结果表明:(1)由土壤含盐量与增强型归一化植被指数(ENDVI)构建的线性回归模型(y=-56.494x+22.687)拟合效果最好(R2=0. 886,RMSE=0. 907)。(2)通过选取的82个采样点,依据最佳遥感反演模型,预测出研究区土壤含盐量在9.33～26.99 g·kg-1之间变化,平均值为17.42 g·kg-1,标准差为2.30 g·kg-1,预测结果与土壤盐分的实测值较为一致。(3)利用地统计分析方法制作研究区棉田土壤盐分的空间分布图,分析可知土壤盐分从绿洲内部向外围呈逐渐增加的趋势。