张家口地区仔猪白痢病原菌血清型检测及药敏试验

[目的]为临床上选用仔猪白痢疫苗与防治用药提供参考。[方法]从20个规模化猪场采集40份仔猪白痢病料,对致病性大肠杆菌进行分离和生化鉴定,分析其血清型并检测其耐药性。[结果]从40份病料中分离出36株大肠杆菌,其中32株为致病性大肠杆菌。分离菌对16种药物均有不同程度的耐药性,最高为100%,最低为6%。所有分离菌均表现出不同程度的多重耐药性,其中22株分离菌为4耐以上的菌株。32株致病菌分布在9个血清型中。[结论]张家口地区规模化猪场仔猪白痢病原菌的优势血清型为O8、O149、O141和O54,占已定型菌株的59.3%。对仔猪白痢病原菌敏感率较高的药物为头孢噻肟钠、诺氟沙星、丁胺卡那和新霉素。     

肠侵袭性大肠杆菌感染野猪的诊断和药敏试验

无菌取病死野猪的心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏及肾脏等组织病料,进行细菌的分离培养与PCR鉴定,分离出肠侵袭性大肠杆菌。结合临床症状、剖检病变和实验室诊断,从而确诊野猪病死于肠侵袭性大肠杆菌感染。并对分离菌株进行药敏试验,为野猪的肠侵袭性大肠杆菌感染疾病的诊断和防治提供参考。     

鱼用基因工程疫苗的研究概况

鱼病的化学药物防治会导致水质恶化、水产品药物残留超标或病原体耐药性增强等弊端.随着鱼类免疫学研究以及分子生物学技术的发展,鱼用基因工程疫苗的研究受到了广泛关注.系统地解析与梳理了鱼用基因工程疫苗发展的背景、意义及疫苗类型和国内外的研究与应用现状,明确现阶段我国鱼用基因工程疫苗发展面临的挑战并提出相应的发展建议,旨在为未...     

相同耐药谱的11株大肠杆菌的脉冲场电泳分型研究

为了了解同一猪场不同来源具相同耐药谱的11株大肠杆菌之间的同源性,以探讨其耐药流行机制,用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对同一猪场不同来源具相同耐药谱的大肠杆菌做染色体DNA分型.结果发现分别来自小猪和环境的2株大肠杆菌通过PFGE分型,属于同一个亚型.初步认为不同来源的大肠杆菌来自不同克隆系,同时在动物环境之间可能存在着耐药性的克隆传播.结果表明,PFGE可作为耐药性流行病学调查的一种研究方法.     

不同质粒在大肠杆菌宿主细胞中的不稳定性研究

对几种不同的质粒在相同宿主中的稳定性进行检测,结果表明,在非选择压力下,４种不同的质粒在大肠 杆菌宿主细中的稳定性有明显的差异,其中,ＰＵＣＧ４１８最稳定,该质粒失去的速率仅为０．５％;     

Effects of dietary additives (potassium diformate/organic acids) as well as influences of grinding intensity (coarse/fine) of diets for weaned piglets experimentally infected with Salmonella Derby or Escherichia coli

The aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent the addition of potassium diformate (pdf) or free organic acids (fpa) to the diet and the grinding intensity might affect the course of infection and the passage of orally applied Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pigs. Experiments were carried out using 80 reared piglets allotted to four groups. Pigs were fed pelleted diets ad libitum (except during a 15 h feed‐withholding‐period before infection). The control diet contained finely ground cereals (2 mm screen). To two test diets (also finely ground) 1.2% pdf, 0.9% organic acids (75% formic and 25% propionic acid, fpa) respectively were added. The fourth diet (without acids) was based on coarsely ground cereals (6‐mm screen). After experimental infection alternately with S. Derby or E. coli, the course of infection was examined (rectal swab technique). Pigs were sacrificed 4–5 h after a further oral application of ～10⁹–10¹⁰ CFU S. Derby or E. coli to determine the counts of Salmonella or E. coli in chyme (classical culture methods). Adding pdf or fpa to the diet led to reduced Salmonella shedding and resulted in significantly lower counts of Salmonella and E. coli in the stomach content indicating an improved efficacy of the stomach barrier. In the distal parts of the digestive tract, the effect was less obvious concerning counts of E. coli, whereas counts of Salmonella were reduced markedly as well. The diet based on coarsely ground cereals failed to demonstrate positive effects concerning infection and passage of orally applied bacteria as well, but this diet was also pelleted and showed unintentionally, comparable amounts of fine particles. Results obtained in this study allow the recommendation of using pdf or organic acids as additives when dietary measures against Salmonella or E. coli in pigs are required.     

犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为确定引起湘西北地区某肉牛养殖场犊牛腹泻发生的致病菌种类并分析其耐药性,采用常规培养、革兰染色镜检和生化试验等方法对致病菌进行分离鉴定,利用药物纸片琼脂扩散法(Kirby-Bauer)对分离菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,引起犊牛腹泻的主要致病菌为大肠杆菌;临床分离的大肠杆菌对头孢哌酮、头孢唑林、米诺环素、头孢曲松4种抗生素敏感;对头孢呋辛和头孢他啶2种抗生素中度敏感;对头孢氨苄、哌拉西林、红霉素、万古霉素、强力霉素、青霉素、氨苄西林、羧苄西林、麦迪霉素、环丙沙星、链霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、头孢拉定、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、苯唑西林、复方新诺明、诺氟沙星、奥复酸、四环素、多西环素、林可霉素22种抗菌药物产生耐药性。分离出的大肠杆菌对多种抗菌药物产生耐药性,研究结果为养殖场科学诊断和治疗犊牛腹泻提供了有效依据。     

单抗对禽病原性大肠杆菌菌毛粘附抑制的研究

应用８株鸡病原性大肠杆菌研究了菌毛作为分型抗原和共粘附特性,以抗Ⅰ型菌毛单克隆抗体（单抗）ｂＧ５和甘露糖进行了抑制作用试验。在血凝试验中、单抗和甘露糖都能抑制血凝反应,说明这些株都属于Ⅰ型,通过以单抗或甘露糖的粘附抑制程序这些Ｅｃｏｌｉ株对鸡气管上皮都不能特异粘附。     

鹅源致病性大肠杆菌O86K61 和O44K74亚型的分离与鉴定

从湛江养鹅场发生的疑似大肠杆菌病病死鹅无菌采集病料,分离鉴定出8株大肠杆菌,其中,O86K61 4株,O44K74 3株,1株未定型,上述菌株均不产生内毒素;药敏试验结果表明,大部分菌株对阿米卡星高度敏感,对恩诺沙星、先锋霉素、磺胺嘧啶、诺氟沙星、强力霉素呈交叉耐药;对万古霉素、新霉素、呋喃唑酮中度敏感;对阿莫西林、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、四环素不敏感。上述结果提示,同一发病鹅场存在着多种致病性大肠杆菌的血清型,并存在多重耐药。     

Acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of diverse cat populations

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the resident intestinal microbiota of cats and to identify significant differences between various cat populations. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Streptococcus canis were isolated as faecal indicator bacteria from rectal swabs of 47 individually owned cats, 47 cattery cats and 18 hospitalised cats, and submitted through antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The results revealed that bacteria isolated from hospitalised and/or cattery cats were more frequently resistant than those from individually owned cats. E. coli isolates from hospitalised cats were particularly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfonamide. Both enterococci and streptococci showed high resistance to tetracycline and in somewhat lesser extent to erythromycin and tylosin. Most E. faecium isolates were resistant to lincomycin and penicillin. One E. faecalis as well as one E. faecium isolate from hospitalised cats showed 'high-level resistance' (MIC > 500 microg/ml) against gentamicin, a commonly used antimicrobial agent in case of human enterococcal infections. The results of this research demonstrate that the extent of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of cats depends on the social environment of the investigated population. It is obvious that the flora of healthy cats may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.