长角血蜱肠道细菌的分离与鉴定

为深入研究肠道细菌在蜱的生理学和传播病原上的作用,本研究进行了长角血蜱肠道细菌的分离鉴定。按照细菌传统分离方法并结合16S rDNA测序鉴定,获得7个分离株,这些菌株分别属于显核菌属(Caryophanon sp.)、考克氏菌属(Kocuria sp.)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus sp.)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.)和短杆菌属(Brevibacterium sp.)5个菌属。     

菌酶协同制备菜籽肽工艺的优化及其营养成分分析

试验旨在考察枯草芽孢杆菌B1与中性蛋白酶协同发酵和酶解处理(简称菌酶协同酵解)制备菜籽肽的最佳工艺条件及对经菌酶酵解后的菜籽粕营养成分的分析。以菜籽肽得率为主要指标,通过对加酶量、发酵温度和料水比等酶解、发酵条件的单因素和正交试验,确定了菜籽肽以菌酶同时添加为最佳制备方式,以枯草芽孢杆菌接种量1.0%、中性蛋白酶添加量150 U/g、料水比1:1.0、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间48 h为最佳菌酶协同酵解条件。在此条件下,菜籽粕中硫代葡萄糖苷(硫苷)的降解率达74.23%,单宁和植酸的降解率分别为31.17%和16.39%。发酵后菜籽粕中粗蛋白含量达41.30%,比发酵前提高1.92%,菜籽肽含量达170.12 mg/g,比发酵前提高了3.7倍,还原糖含量比发酵前提高了57.68%,钙、磷含量分别比发酵前提高了26.83%和11.57%。试验表明,菌酶协同处理的方式对菜籽粕品质的提升有较好作用。     

光合细菌与芽孢杆菌对淡水养殖水体修复实验研究

为降低淡水养殖水体的污染程度,实验选用光合细菌与芽孢杆菌对养殖水体进行生物修复,测定水体氨、氮含量、pH值、化学耗氧量以及溶氧量的变化。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,使用光合细菌与芽孢杆菌后,水体中的氨、氮含量降低73.1%,pH值下降4.2%,化学耗氧量降低46.3%,溶氧量升高9.7%,净化水质效果明显。     

Effect of ensiling moist field bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum) and lupine (Lupinus spp.) grains on the contents of alkaloids,oligosaccharides and tannins

Ensiling legume grain may be an inexpensive and ecologically interesting method to produce a high‐protein feed of local origin. The typically patchy maturation recommends harvesting and ensiling the seeds in moist condition. Developing a method for preserving legume grains harvested before maturation by lactic acid fermentation would have several advantages. Under laboratory conditions, crushed legume seeds of beans, peas and lupines with high moisture content of 35 % were ensiled with different additives (molasses and lactic acid bacteria). To characterize the final silages, contents of proximate nutrients and antinutritional factors (alkaloids, oligosaccharides, tannins) were analysed. The addition of lactic acid bacteria ensured a fast and pronounced lactic acid production and decreased contents of undesired fermentation products like ethanol. An additional use of molasses for ensilage did not provide a remarkable additional benefit. Excluding sugar and starch, the contents of proximate nutrients were not remarkably altered after ensiling. As an overall effect, lactic acid fermentation reduced tannins and oligosaccharides. It can be supposed that the oligosaccharides after breakdown of the complex molecules acted as a source of fermentable carbohydrates. A relevant reduction of alkaloids did not occur. The lactic acid fermentation of legume grains can be recommended as an appropriate method for conservation. With respect to the economic advantages and compared with methods of chemical preservation, the lactic acid fermentation of legume grains under anaerobic conditions is an environmentally compliant procedure and therefore also an option for organic farming.     

禾草内生固氮菌的研究现状及应用前景

植物内生固氮菌是一类重要的固氮微生物资源,其潜在的可开发利用价值越来越受重视。本文综述了禾草内生固氮菌的研究动态、种质资源多样性、侵染途径、定殖方式、作用机理及发展前景,以期为内生固氮菌的进一步开发探究提供参考。     

北京郊区散养鸡及鸡蛋沙门氏菌带菌情况调查

目的：和方法采用菌落PCR法和细菌培养法调查北京郊区三个散养鸡场的鸡蛋和鸡粪样沙门氏菌的带菌情况,并对两种方法的检测结果进行比较。结果 PCR检测结果表明北京郊区散养鸡粪便沙门氏菌平均阳性率90.87%,蛋内沙门氏菌平均阳性率40%;细菌培养结果表明散养鸡鸡粪平均沙门氏菌阳性率82.3%,蛋沙门氏菌平均阳性率33.3%。结论与传统细菌培养方法相比,菌落PCR法在数值上可提高散养鸡鸡粪和鸡蛋沙门氏菌检出率。     

应用电镜技术快速检测传代细胞中的污染因子：—传代细胞污染细菌的快速检测

应用电镜技术检测传代细胞中的细菌污染，即快速又准确。根据细菌的形态及其鞭毛、噬菌体等指标的其中一项均可以判定细菌的污染，该检测结果为传代细胞的应用提供了可靠地保证。     

Impact of Mastitis Control Measures on Milk Production and Mastitis Indicators in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Kiambu District,Kenya

Bovine mastitis and mastitis control were investigated on smallholder farms in central Kenya. After an initial observational study, a clinical trial to assess the impact of three different mastitis control strategies – (1) improved udder hygiene, (2) treatment of subclinical cases, and (3) a combination of these – was conducted on 100 randomly selected farms with 332 lactating cows. Before the implementation of control measures, the milk yield was low (mean 6.5 kg/day; median 6 kg/day) and somatic cell counts (SCC) were high, with 80% and 43% of cows having milk with SCC greater than 250×10³ cells/ml and 600×10³ cells/ml, respectively. Infectious pathogens were also commonly isolated, with 63% of cows being positive for pathogenic bacteria. Neither intervention strategy alone had any effect on mastitis indicators or milk yield. In combination, the measures had some impact, lowering the prevalence of contagious pathogens by 18%, but this was not reflected in a significantly increased milk yield, lowered SCC or reduced incidence of clinical mastitis.     

Microbiota of 'airag', 'tarag' and other kinds of fermented dairy products from nomad in Mongolia

The traditional fermented dairy products were collected from three nomadic families in Donto‐Govi prefecture in Mongolia (central Mongolia), and those microbiota were analyzed. These samples consist three of ‘airag’, two of ‘tarag’, two of ‘isgelen tarag’ and ‘qoormog’, and some cheeses. In airag, Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus, L. kefiri, and Saccharomyces (S.) dairensis were common, and L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. farciminis, S. cerevisiae, Issachenkia (I.) orientalis, Kluyveromyces (K.) wickerhamii were also found. In tarag, isgelen tarag and qoormog, L. helveticus, L. kefiri, L. fermentum, L. paracasei and L. acetotolerance were found. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was also found in one tarag and one qoormog samples. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed that there were diversity in each L. helveticus family and products, and there were common strains found in airag and tarag in the same family.