Original Study: Comparison of three intraosseous access techniques in cats

Objective – To compare the placement feasibility and amount of bone trauma induced by 3 intraosseous (IO) access techniques in cats: an automatic impact penetration device (A), an automatic rotary insertion device (B), and a manual IO needle (C). Design – Prospective ex vivo study. Setting – University. Animals – Eighteen adult mixed breed feline cadavers. Interventions – Cadavers provided 72 total IO insertion locations divided equally between the right and left humerus and tibia. The 3 IO techniques were randomly allocated to these locations. Time to successful insertion, ease of insertion, and success rate were recorded. Each insertion site was analyzed for the number of bone fragments and defect diameter by computed tomography. Measurements and Main Results – Device B had lower time of insertion (P=0.01) compared with devices A and C. Device B had better ease of insertion scores (P<0.01) compared with devices A and C. No differences were detected between insertion sites (tibia versus humerus). No differences in the number of bone fragments, defect diameter, or success rate were detected among devices (P=0.06, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively). Conclusions – All 3 IO access methods evaluated yield acceptable results. Device B is significantly faster and easier to place in cat cadavers when compared with other methods.     

湖南省森林火灾应急人员空间分布特征

为了研究湖南省区域森林火灾应急人员的空间分布特征,对湖南省102个县（市）11年（2000-2010年）的森林火灾数据、2010年森林火灾应急人员数据、森林资源量数据进行了统计调查和整理,利用ArcGIS软件绘制出森林资源量和森林火灾发生频率空间分布图以及森林火灾空间趋势预测图,并与森林火灾应急人员空间分布图叠加。结果表明,湖南省森林火灾应急人员空间分布特征主要表现为：森林资源量大、森林火灾发生频率高的部分县市、4个森林火灾高发趋势中心的森林火灾应急人员分布较少,3个低发趋势中心部分县市的应急人员分布较多。区域森林火灾应急人员的空间分布应符合森林资源量、森林火灾发生频率、森林火灾空间趋势预测的空间分布特征,森林资源量大、森林火灾发生频率高、森林火灾发生趋势强的区域,应分布较多的火灾应急人员,反之则可相对较少分布。目前,湖南省森林火灾应急人员空间分布不合理,应予以调整。     

城市园林多灾种综合防灾规划设计编制方法探究

以查阅国内外相关资料为基础,分析了城市灾害多样性与差异性、群发性与连锁性的特点,指出了城市园林进行多灾种综合防灾的必然趋势;同时从编制程序、编制原则、编制内容、规划要点等四方面对城市园林多灾种综合防灾规划设计进行了论述。     

Characterization of the host range and sensitivity to fungicides of Trichothecium spp. associated with fruit rot in the field and in storage

During 2017–2019, we observed Trichothecium spp. causing fruit rot in the field and in storage. This study was conducted to examine morphological differences of the species from different hosts, reveal the species’ potential host range, and evaluate the efficacy of five fungicides. Six strains of Trichothecium spp. isolated from nectarine, peach and walnut were selected. Although the colony morphology, mycelial growth rate and spore size differed among hosts, phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer and part of the 5ʹ end of the β-tubulin gene showed that all tested strains belonged to Trichothecium roseum. For its host range, 23 kinds of fruit were examined using T. roseum strain YT-1 as an inoculum; 10 kinds of fruit, including pear, apple, mango, Chinese chestnut, pepino melon, fig and durian, were susceptible to T. roseum, with minimum inoculation concentrations ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁵ spores/ml. The fungicides that most effectively inhibited the six isolates were fluazinam and fludioxonil, with EC₅₀ values of 0.07–0.1 and 0.01–0.04 μg/ml, respectively, followed by difenoconazole (0.81–2.96 μg/ml), boscalid (5.43–13.51 μg/ml) and azoxystrobin (9.18–27.25 μg/ml). Improvement of the shelf life of nectarines held in plastic trays was explored using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against T. roseum YT-1. The application of 10 μl/L AITC significantly suppressed disease symptoms. The findings provide useful information for future disease emergency management in the field and for food preservation.     

湖南省森林火灾空间格局及应急资源空间分布探析

为进一步提高湖南省森林防火工作水平,保护森林生态建设成果,借助Excel和Matlab软件分析湖南省森林火灾在时间和空间上的总体分布规律,并在此基础上利用ARCGIS软件结合叠加分析方法形象展示湖南省森林火灾应急资源的空间分布结构并评判合理性。评判结果表明目前湖南省火灾应急资源空间分布配置不合理。     

时间约束下果蔬产品双渠道供应链的应急协调契约

针对由1个上游供应商和由传统、电子商务两种渠道零售商构成的考虑新鲜度损耗影响的果蔬产品供应链,研究了当突发事件引起市场需求、渠道价格敏感系数以及产品运输情况发生扰动时,对供应链系统的影响,并提出了通过调整零售价格与生产计划,实现供应链优化的方法。     

北方城市地下水应急供水水源地评价指标体系研究

结合我国北方城市区域水文地质背景以及区域地下水开发利用现状,对照城市应急供水的地下水资源属性、应急供水属性、水源地建设条件以及环境影响4个属性指标层的内涵,利用层次分析模型,建立了北方城市地下水应急供水水源地的综合评价指标体系。并以石家庄市为例,开展了石家庄市地下水应急供水水源地适宜性评价,对所选取的评价指标体系进行了验证,结果显示,所建立的评价指标体系能够在宏观上反映区域地下水的丰富程度,对于开展地下水应急供水、确定北方城市应急供水水源地及实施城市应急供水、水源工程建设具有一定的指导意义。