中国气刺微割研究现状

气刺微割技术是应用在巴西橡胶树采胶生产上的一项新技术．核心是乙烯气体高效刺激技术．刺激强度为每周期施用30mL乙烯,每月3个周期,进行高部位树皮短割线采胶。连续10年的试验结果表明,气刺微割使得割胶效率大大提高,胶乳干胶含量保持正常水平,树皮产胶解剖结构、功能正常。长流胶是气刺微割获得高产的重要保证。气刺微割是一种安全、高效和可持续的橡胶树采胶技术。     

不同小麦品种(系)的存放种子活力比较研究

为发掘利用高活力小麦种质材料,揭示不同小麦品种间(系)的种子活力差异及其内在生理原因,本研究以置于常温种子库老化6年的180个小麦品种(系)的种子为材料进行了种子活力比较研究。结果表明:不同小麦品种(系)间发芽率存在显著差异,其中35个小麦品种(系)的种子完全失活、不能发芽,种子活力最高的3个品种分别为豫麦18(92%),西农3517(76%)和浏虎98(72%);测定了种子浸出液电导率、种子含水量和籽粒品质性状并与发芽率进行了相关分析,发现发芽率与电导率和籽粒淀粉含量呈极显著负相关,与含水量呈显著负相关,但与籽粒总蛋白质含量相关不显著;进一步对种子活力高低差异显著的6个品种(系)进行了种子萌发关键激素赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)的测定,发现3个高活力小麦品种(系)(豫麦18、西农3517、浏虎98)种子中GA3/ABA的比值均显著高于3个低活力品种(系)(西农2003、洛麦21和陕麦107)。本研究表明,种子活力性状在小麦种质资源中存在广泛变异,植物内源激素GA3和ABA的相对含量是影响种子活力高低的关键因素。     

Artificial spawning of African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis: differences between the effects on reproduction in females treated with carp pituitary homogenate or Ovopel

The effects of the controlled reproduction of African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis after ovulation stimulation with carp pituitary homogenate (CPH; 4 mg kg^?1; group I) or Ovopel (1/5+1 pellet kg^?1; group II) were investigated. After the application of Ovopel, eggs were obtained from a higher percentage of females than after a CPH treatment (87.5% and 75.0% respectively). The statistically significant (P≤0.05) effect of ovulation stimulator was specified only in the case of the weight of eggs (expressed in grams and in percentage of female body weight), being higher in fish treated with Ovopel compared with CPH‐treated fish (176.02 g, 8.43% and 109.51 g, 5.48%). The quality of eggs expressed in percentage of live embryos after 24 h incubation was higher by 7.5% in fish treated with Ovopel. Latency period did not significantly affect the weight of eggs, fertilization percentage or percentage of living embryos after 24 h of egg incubation. However, the weight of eggs and percentage of living embryos after 24 h incubation were higher in fish spawning after 12 h latency (159.38 g and 85.30%) compared with the weight and quality of eggs obtained from females spawning after 14 h latency (126.15 g and 76.04%).     

Evaluation of electrical stunning of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in seawater and killing by chilling: welfare aspects, product quality and possibilities for implementation

The objective was to assess neural, behavioural responses and product quality in farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) upon electrical stunning in seawater. The electrical sinusoidal 50 Hz or pulse square wave alternating 133 Hz current induced a general epileptiform insult with a current of 3.3±0.2 or 3 A dm^?2, respectively, for 1 s head to tail in seawater. The total duration of the insult was 48±34 and 23±11 s. After stunning, the electro‐cardiogram revealed fibrillation and ceased or showed malfunction. Product quality was assessed in a group electrically stunned, followed by chilling in ice water and the controls were only chilled in ice water. The pH of the fillets was 0.1–0.2 lower (P<0.01) when stunned electrically at days 1, 2, 8 and 10 postmortem, where the colour did not differ. The percentage of sea bass effectively stunned using an electrical sinusoidal or pulse square wave current was above 85% within a confidence level of 95%. A combination of electrical stunning for 10 s, followed by chilling in seawater with ice flakes resulted in the death of all fish. The former method is recommended to be adapted for implementation in practice.     

欧姆加热对米饭蒸煮过程能耗及其品质的影响

电饭煲蒸煮米饭存在电热转化效率低、温度不易控制等不足。该研究设计了一种加热速率和保温温度自动可控的欧姆加热试验系统,并研究了浸泡时间和水米比对水米混合物的电导率、欧姆蒸煮加热速率、能耗以及米饭品质（膨胀率、吸水率、物性值和颜色）的影响,并与电饭煲蒸煮米饭的能耗和品质进行比较。结果表明：浸泡能够增大水米混合物电导率,水米比越小电导率增加越快,有效提高欧姆加热蒸煮米饭加热速率;浸泡还有利于减少米饭蒸煮能耗（P<0.05）,促进米饭软化;因此大米浸泡处理30 min后采用欧姆加热蒸煮米饭可行。欧姆蒸煮加热速率越快,米饭硬度上升（P<0.05）,而黏性和弹性则略有减小（P<0.05）,加热速率在3～9 ℃/min范围内为宜;水米比可取1.25∶1～1.50∶1 mL/g。蒸煮相同质量的大米,欧姆加热所需能耗仅为电饭煲蒸煮的20%～25%;相较于电饭煲蒸煮,欧姆加热蒸煮米饭硬度最大可减小21%,且膨胀率和吸水率较大（P<0.05）、亮度L*值较小（P<0.05）。研究结果可为研发基于欧姆加热的快速高效米饭自动蒸煮装置提供技术支撑。     

应用电导法实时测定磷酸氢二铵和氯化钾混合肥液浓度

[目的]通过电导率(EC)准确反应水肥一体化条件下磷酸氢二铵和氯化钾不同配比值的肥液质量浓度.[方法]测定了一定质量浓度范围(2～10 g/L)和温度范围(20～45℃)内不同磷酸氢二铵和氯化钾配比混合肥液的EC值,并基于灰色关联分析(GRA)法研究了质量浓度ρf、温度T和配比值rv对磷酸氢二铵、氯化钾混合溶液电导率的...     

基于灰色关联分析的地下水化学成分特征

依据新疆巴州水利管理处灌溉试验田内地下水水样化验数据,应用灰色关联分析与相关分析相结合的方法,分析了地下水主要成分与总硬度、总碱度、全盐、电导率及矿化度等5个指标之间的关系.结果表明,总硬度变化主要受Mg2+影响,水中HCO-3含量与总碱度关系密切,电导率主要受Na+影响,Na+与SO2-4对矿化度有较大影响.通过相关分析,发现它们之间相关性极为显著.     

基于灰色关联分析与RBF神经网络的土壤浸提液电导率预测

采用灰色系统理论中的关联分析方法,对影响土壤浸提液电导率的主要盐分离子类型进行分析,挑选出影响土壤浸提液电导率的主要因素.与此同时,介绍了径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的原理、训练算法,并建立了基于RBF神经网络与灰色关联分析的土壤浸提液电导率预测模型.结果表明,所建模型具有较强的非线性处理能力和逼近能力,运算速度快、性能稳定,预测精度较高,可以应用于生产实践中.     

机电一体化技术在工程机械中的应用

现代工程施工中,工程机械的性能、自动化程度及其经济性等可以直接影响到施工工艺的好坏,而工程机械的电气与电子控制系统质量与性能优劣又直接影响到工程机械的施工质量、生产效率及使用寿命等。