力学试验机电器系统改造及软件设计

介绍了把传统力学试验机改造成微机控制电子万能力学试验机过程中的电器和软件设计思路与方法。软件设计方面主要是针对设计的关键技术作了展开,这些技术包括串口通信、数据库技术、显示无闪烁技术以及界面设计等。另外,还分析了力学试验机实际改造过程中遇到的信号干扰问题,分析了原因,并给出了解决方案。     

脱毒骏枣幼树枝干抗寒性的调查研究

调查并计算了田间未脱毒嫁接、未脱毒自根、脱毒嫁接、脱毒自根四个类型骏枣幼树的冻害指数与冻害率,测定了其被迫休眠期的枝条在不同温度处理下电导率的变化规律。结果表明:①四个类型植株冻害程度顺序为:未脱毒嫁接>脱毒嫁接>未脱毒自根>脱毒自根;②一年生枝各类型间电导率存在显著差异,其顺序由高到低为:未脱毒嫁接>未脱毒自根>脱毒嫁接>脱毒自根,二年生枝各类型间电导率无显著差异,其顺序由高到低为未脱毒自根>未脱毒嫁接>脱毒嫁接>脱毒自根;③各类型的一二年生枝间电导率均无显著性差异,但总的看来,二年生枝的电导率均小于一年生枝的;④二年生枝的平均电导率随温度的降低呈逐渐增加的趋势,-30℃和-26℃之间存在极显著差异,并推测骏枣二年生枝冻害的半致死温度就在-30℃与-26℃之间。     

温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响

本文研究了大叶桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King）一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线.结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃.在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加.CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显.图4参23.     

Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane

Background

There are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.

Objective

To determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.

Animals

Thirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.

Results

Cortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).

Conclusions and clinical importance

In dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment.     

景电灌区农田防护林衰败及优化模式

景电灌区农田防护林网是景电灌区防护林体系的重要组成部分,通过调查景电灌区农田防护林衰败现状,分析退化原因,提出优化改造模式,为景电灌区农田防护林更新改造从而发挥可持续效益提供技术支撑。结果表明,1)以杨树为主要树种的景电灌区农田防护林网目前呈严重衰败状态,尤其在个人管护的区域,残缺断代现象严重,部分地方甚至基本消失;2)病虫危害,耗水、胁地严重而被砍伐,耕地次生盐渍化导致树木生长不良、枯死,树种单一、结构不合理,管理不到位等是造成农田防护林衰败的主要原因;3)三倍体毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、廊坊(P.langfanggensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)、刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、鸣山大枣(Jujube minshan)等树种为该地区农田防护林建设的适宜树种,可采用农田防护林杨树优势树种轮换、针叶常绿树种优化改造、生态经济型防护林网营造等模式对景电灌区农田防护林网进行更新改造。农田防护林网的改造,将对完善防护林体系,保障景泰绿洲的安全产生重要意义。     

The use of a nerve stimulation test to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats

ObjectiveTo determine if a nerve stimulation test (NST) could act as a monitoring technique to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.Study designProspective experimental trial in a clinical setting.AnimalsTwenty-four adult cats, scheduled for a therapeutic procedure where epidural anesthesia was indicated.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, an insulated needle was inserted through the S₃-Cd₁ intervertebral space guided by the application of a fixed electrical current (0.7 mA) until a motor response was obtained. The NST was considered positive when the epidural nerve stimulation produced a motor response of the muscles of the tail, whereas it was considered negative when no motor response was evoked. In the NST positive cases, 0.3 mL kg⁻¹ of 0.5% bupivacaine was administrated before needle withdrawal. Ten minutes after injection, epidural blockade was confirmed by the loss of perineal (anal), and pelvic limbs reflexes (patellar and withdrawal).ResultsThe use of a fixed electrical stimulation current of 0.7 mA resulted in correct prediction of sacrococcygeal epidural injection, corroborated by post bupivacaine loss of perineal and pelvic limb reflexes, in 95.8% of the cases.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using, in a clinical setting, an electrical stimulation test as an objective and in real-time method to confirm sacrococcygeal epidural needle placement in cats.     

以电导法评价12个石榴品种的抗寒性

冻害是目前石榴商业化生产中最重要的限制因子之一。为给抗寒石榴种质的挖掘与筛选、石榴抗寒机理的深入研究和抗寒石榴的栽培生产提供理论依据,使用电导法测定了12个石榴品种1年生休眠枝在不同低温处理下的相对电导率,并拟合Logistic方程,计算了其半致死温度。结果表明:随着处理温度的降低即低温胁迫的加强,枝条组织的相对电导率呈"S"型曲线增长,各处理温度下不同品种的相对电导率间有显著性差异;供试石榴品种的半致死温度范围为-7.59~-12.60℃;供试的12个石榴品种其抗寒性的强弱次序为:峄城三白甜峄城青皮岗榴临潼净皮甜宁津青皮酸峄城复瓣白宁津三白酸太行红峄城大青皮甜峄城青皮马牙甜峄城大红皮甜新疆和田甜突尼斯软籽。     

基于电磁感应数据的电导率反演模型研究

【目的】土壤盐渍化是限制新疆南部棉花高产的主要因子,准确获取区域尺度土壤剖面盐分信息。【方法】以南疆阿拉尔垦区为研究区,以田间尺度采集的30个不同盐渍化程度棉田的540个样点的0~0.375、0~0.750、0~1.000 m的土壤剖面电导率数据和对应的电磁感应数据为数据源,采用线性模型和非线性模型分别构建了田间尺度和区域尺度的土壤剖面电导率的电磁感应反演模型,并采用缩减建模样本量方法进一步检验了区域尺度模型的可靠性和稳定性。【结果】多元线性回归(MLR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和主成分回归(PCR)建模方法的田间尺度模型R²在0.88~0.95,而对应的区域尺度模型R²在0.34~0.53。基于随机森林(RF)、神经网络(NN)和支持向量机(SVM)非线性建模方法构建的土壤剖面电导率的区域尺度电磁感应反演模型R²在0.60~0.85,其中RF模型的精度最高。0~0.375、0~0.750、0~1.000 m土壤剖面电导率的RF反演模型R²分别为0.80、0.85和0.84,相较于线性建模方法的区域尺度模型精度有明显的提高。RF区域尺度模型的样本数量由540个缩减到240个,模型精度没有明显变化,表明采用区域尺度模型,可大幅度降低土壤剖面样本采集数量,从而可显著提高采样效率和降低采样成本。【结论】区域尺度下构建土壤剖面电导率反演模型时,随机森林建模方法效果较优,模型预测能力具有较高的可靠性。     

团头鲂IL-12表达及功能的初步研究

白细胞介素-12（IL-12）是一种连接先天性和适应性免疫系统的重要细胞因子,在免疫反应和炎症反应中均发挥着重要作用。本实验以团头鲂为研究对象,克隆了团头鲂IL-12的4个亚基IL-12A、IL-12Ba、IL-12Bb和IL-12Bc的开放阅读框（ORF）序列,长度分别为588、993、939和837 bp。实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）结果表明,团头鲂IL-12各亚基在检测的10个不同的成鱼健康组织中都有表达,但是在不同组织中的表达模式不同;腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌后,团头鲂IL-12各亚基在免疫相关组织中显著差异表达;脂多糖（LPS）刺激分离的团头鲂头肾淋巴细胞后,4个IL-12亚基均被快速诱导表达。进一步通过大肠杆菌原核表达系统和变性复性方法得到团头鲂IL-12Bb、IL-12Bc重组蛋白并刺激分离的头肾淋巴细胞,显著上调TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ的表达,表明获得的重组蛋白具有生物学活性。最后对获得的蛋白进行抑菌活性检测,结果表明重组IL-12Bb、IL-12Bc单体蛋白对嗜水气单胞菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有明显的抑制作用。综上,本研究结果表明,团头鲂IL-12在调节免疫应答的过程中发挥着重要作用。