Symbiotic variability in Vicia faba. 1. Genetic variation in the Rhizobium leguminosarum population

Summary Twenty isolates taken at random from indigenous populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum sampled near Aberystwyth were each inoculated into plants of a standard Vicia faba variety grown aseptically under conditions free of combined nitrogen. Plants in association with the individual rhizobium isolates exhibited large differences in dry matter yield, nitrogen content, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and date of first flower. The implications of these differences to the productivity and reliability of varieties of field beans are discussed.     

宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻空间分布型的研究及其应用

应用3种检验分布型的方法分别检验了宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻的分布型。结果表明：宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻在草地上的空间分型呈聚集分布,其聚集强度随种群的密度的升高而增加,应用Iwao模型中的参数估计了田间调查时的最适抽样数。     

红池坝人工草地放牧方式和放牧强度的研究

在红池坝人工草地对放牧方式和放牧强度进行比较研究,同时对已给定的载畜量加以验证,以便制定该草地的最适放牧制度。研究结果表明,适于该地区的放牧管理制度是划区轮牧;各个阶段的载畜量与牧草生长速度之间的关系可用数学模型表示为:Y=179.5＋5.48X,在每公顷7.5个绵羊单位的载畜量下进行中度放牧强度可获得草地最大产草量,并保持其稳定。     

高原牛羊胃肠道线虫驱治模式研究

根据高原地区＂春乏＂期间,牛、羊因胃肠道线虫病引起死亡严重的突出情况,自列项目,在全州范围划为三大区域,以项目区为中心,在牛、羊发病率和死亡率相对高的乡（镇）、村设点,将93330头（只）牛、羊分为三个组,作为高原地区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病防治技术模块,结果3个试验组用药前胃肠道寄生虫感染率均为100%,早晨在放牧前投喂赛爱吉夏结、克虫特和丙硫苯咪唑等药物后,7 d粪检EPG,虫卵转阴率和虫卵减少数均为100%。间隔7 d重复驱虫1次,防治效果显著。有计划的用驱虫药丙硫咪唑,克虫特、伊维菌素。在每年春季2~3月,秋季8~9月份进行两次驱虫。可提高牛、羊有机体的免疫力,降低牛、羊胃肠道线虫病的发病率和死亡率,减轻对养殖业的危害。     

Genetic diversity,anti‐microbial resistance,plasmid profile and frequency of the Vi antigen in Salmonella Dublin strains isolated in Brazil

Salmonella Dublin is strongly adapted to cattle causing enteritis and/or systemic disease with high rates of mortality. However, it can be sporadically isolated from humans, usually causing serious disease, especially in patients with underlying chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to molecularly type S. Dublin strains isolated from humans and animals in Brazil to verify the diversity of these strains as well as to ascertain possible differences between strains isolated from humans and animals. Moreover, the presence of the capsular antigen Vi and the plasmid profile was characterized in addition to the anti‐microbial resistance against 15 drugs. For this reason, 113 S. Dublin strains isolated between 1983 and 2016 from humans (83) and animals (30) in Brazil were typed by PFGE and MLVA. The presence of the capsular antigen Vi was verified by PCR, and the phenotypic expression of the capsular antigen was determined serologically. Also, a plasmid analysis for each strain was carried out. The strains studied were divided into 35 different PFGE types and 89 MLVA‐types with a similarity of ≥80% and ≥17.5%, respectively. The plasmid sizes found ranged from 2 to >150 kb and none of the strains studied presented the capsular antigen Vi. Resistance or intermediate resistance was found in 23 strains (20.3%) that were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, nalidixic acid, piperacillin, streptomycin and/or tetracycline. The majority of the S. Dublin strains studied and isolated over a 33‐year period may descend from a common subtype that has been contaminating humans and animals in Brazil and able to cause invasive disease even in the absence of the capsular antigen. The higher diversity of resistance phenotypes in human isolates, as compared with animal strains, may be a reflection of the different anti‐microbial treatments used to control S. Dublin infections in humans in Brazil.     

豫西地区小尾寒羊的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模的研究

本文采用典型调查法 ,就小尾寒羊在豫西地区的饲养方式及农户适度饲养规模进行了评定。结果表明 ,在海拔 40 0 m以下的丘陵地区或牧坡陡峭的山区宜采用舍饲 ,在丘陵和浅山区宜采用半舍饲的饲养方式。根据对比分析 ,豫西地区农户小尾寒羊的最佳饲养规模为每个劳动力可平均饲养成年母羊 4～ 6只 ,其年末最佳存栏量为 2～ 3只成年母羊     

Analysis of the toxic potential of Palicourea corymbifera (Müll. Arg.) Standl. in laboratory animals

Palicourea species may produce bovine toxicity. Palicourea corymbifera grows in terra firme forests within the Amazon rain forest and in Tropical America, particularly in spots that gave place to gazing areas. The lyophilized extract done with the aerial organs of P. corymbifera were analyzed in male and female mice. Results revealed a significant toxicity: LD50 was 1.10 (1.04-1.15)g/kg for male mice, and 1.05 (1.00-1.10)g/kg for female mice. Locomotion was affected as well as there were reflexes linked to environmental stimuli in addition to changes in posture. Progressive central nervous system stimulus signs such as trembling and convulsions were detected, the latter followed by the animal's death. Macroscopic histopathological exams performed on the liver, kidneys and lungs of mice submitted to necropsy did not indicate the existence of lesions. General activity of animals, measured in an open field, was reduced as a result of the administration of the extract. Duration of locomotion and rearing frequency were reduced, in opposition to an increase in the duration of immobility. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that monofluoroacetic acid is present in the lyophilized extract, but other qualitative techniques as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the MFAA was not present in the extract, and that the toxicity is related to other compound, although the toxic profile is very similar to that of MFAA. P. corymbifera was shown to be significantly toxic to laboratory animals and investigation of the possible toxic substance shall be done.     

贵州足球场草坪主要病虫害发生及防治

1998～ 1999年对贵州省足球场草坪病虫害进行了调查研究 ,其主要病虫害有 :锈病、禾草云斑病、褐斑病、禾生腐霉病、粘虫 ,麦二叉蚜等。并阐述了病虫害发生规律及防治技术 ,旨在为足球场草坪病虫害的防治提供参考     

动物学野外实习教学改革与实践

随着高校竞争的加强,长江师范学院定位于由过去教学科研型转向教学应用型大学,传统的动物学野外实习模式已经不能适应新形势下的教学要求,为了取得令人满意的野外实习效果,基于作者自身的教学实践,对长江师范学院动物学野外实习地点、教学方式、教学内容以及考核方式的改革进行了探讨,以期为其他高校的动物学野外实习教学提供借鉴和参考。     

转变养殖方式 促进岷县肉牛产业发展

本文论述了抓草产业建设、抓养牛产业化发展、抓养牛安全化生产、抓养牛合作社经济组织建设等配套措施,从而促进肉牛产业饲养方式、饲养模式、生产方式、经营方式的转变,实现岷县肉牛产业的健康、高效、可持续发展。