纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置设计与试验

针对马铃薯种薯切块机械化程度低的问题,设计了一种纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置,对其关键部件进行设计,通过对马铃薯种薯切割过程的力学分析、运动学分析和能量学分析,建立了切种能量的数学模型,确定了影响马铃薯切种效果的主要因素。以切种效率、切种合格率为评价指标,以圆盘刀半径、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距、圆盘刀轴转速和夹持辊轴转速为试验因素,进行了四因素四水平正交试验。对正交试验结果进行方差和极差分析,结果表明:当圆盘刀半径为180 mm、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距为190 mm、圆盘刀轴转速为115 r/min、夹持辊轴转速为56 r/min时,切种效率为74.5 kg/min,切种合格率为98.8%,满足马铃薯切种作业要求。     

Production protocol development for greenhouse cut Linaria, Lupinus, and Papaver flowers

Linaria maroccana Hook. f. Ann., ‘Lace Violet’, Lupinus hartwegii ssp. cruikshankii Lindl. ‘Sunrise’ and Papaver nudicaule L. ‘Meadow Pastels’ seeds were directly sown into 105 cell plug trays and received either ambient light or supplemental high intensity discharge (HID) lighting. For each species, a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial was used with two light intensities during propagation, three transplant stages, and three night temperatures. Seedlings were transplanted at the appearance of 2–3, 5–6, or 8–9 true leaves. Transplanted Linaria and Papaver seedlings were placed at 5/11, 10/16, or 15/21 ± 1 °C night/day temperatures and Lupinus seedlings were placed at 15/24, 18/25, or 20/26 ± 2 °C night/day temperatures. For this study, the optimum production temperature for Linaria was 10/16 °C as the cut stems produced at 15/21 °C were unmarketable and production time was excessively long at 5/11 °C. At 10/16 °C, Linaria seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage to maximize stem number, stem length and profitability. For Lupinus the optimum temperature was 15/24 °C due to long stems and high profitability per plant. Lupinus seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage when grown at 15/24 °C to obtain the longest and thickest stems; however, $/m² week was higher for plants transplanted at the 8–9 leaf stage due to less time in finishing production space. For Papaver, the 15/21 °C temperature was optimal as that temperature produced the longest stems in the shortest duration, resulting in the highest $/m² week. At 15/21 °C Papaver plants should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage. Supplemental HID lighting had no effect on any of the species.     

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake kinetics of poinsettia and marigold

In a previous experiment it has been found that maximum uptake rate (I_max), Michaelis constant (K_m), and minimum nutrient concentration (C_min) as plant physiological characteristics may be important for phosphorus (P) uptake in peat-substrate. Thus, variation of P uptake parameters was evaluated with a series of depletion studies for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and marigold (Tagetes patula) under fluctuating climatic conditions and different developmental stages.     

樱桃透光和郁闭树冠相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异

 以13年生‘红灯’甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）为试材,应用树冠分格方法,研究了树冠透光和郁闭两种冠型内相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异,以及相对光照强度与果实产量品质的关系。结果表明,两种树冠内相对光照强度均自下而上逐渐增高,透光和郁闭树冠小于30%的相对光照区域分别占树冠总体积的25.23%和52.78%。透光树冠果实分布均匀,主要集中在树冠1.5～2.5 m的高度;而郁闭树冠果实分布差异较大,主要在树冠的外围和上部;产量分别是9.02t.hm-2和3.53t.hm-2。果实品质因素与相对光照强度的回归分析表明樱桃单果质量、果实硬度、果实可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比最佳的相对光照强度值分别为76.52%、46.84%、100.00%、41.63%和75.77%。     

百合鳞片扦插繁殖的研究进展

鳞片繁殖是百合种球生产过程中的关键环节.综述了迄今为止有关鳞片扦插技术、影响鳞片扦插繁殖的因素和鳞片繁殖生理等方面的研究成果,并对该领域存在的问题进行了简析,对今后的研究重点进行了展望.     

割前摘脱联合收获机惯性沉降分离室能耗研究

4ZTL-1800割前摘脱稻(麦)联合收获机采用惯性沉降分离室来实现谷物与气流的分离。目前对惯性沉降分离室内气体的流动特性、压力损失特性及其受结构参数的影响规律等研究还未见研究报道。为此,建立了惯性沉降分离室内气相守恒方程,在此基础上应用Fluent软件对分离室结构参数对其压力损失的影响规律进行了数值模拟计算,得到了结构参数对压力损失的影响规律。经实验验证表明,模拟值与试验值基本吻合,研究结果为进一步优化惯性沉降分离室的结构、减小体积和降低压力损失提供了理论依据。     

秸秆饲料青切揉碎机的设计

根据我国畜牧业发展和秸秆饲料利用现状,研究设计了一种大型、高效秸秆饲料加工机械.该机采用直抛滚筒式切碎装置,增设了对作物秸秆和散干牧草的揉搓作用的击碎和揉碎部件,物料加工质量大大提高.喂入装置采用先进的摆臂浮动辊式喂入机构,性能可靠;同时,增加了牵引机构,可实现流动作业.动力可选配18.4kW柴油机或18.5kW电动机.     

农用柴油发动机噪声污染分析

柴油发动机广泛应用于各类农业机械中,由其带来的噪声污染也日益严重.为研究柴油机的整机噪声,利用声强测试技术中的p-p法,对某型农用六缸柴油发动机进行实测.通过对发动机各包络面上声强分布和声功率测试结果的分析,确定了其噪声源的位置、声功率的大小、主要噪声频率及整机辐射强度,为控制柴油发动机噪声污染提供了理论依据.     

有限元法在土壤切削过程模拟中的应用

介绍了土壤切削和有限元法的基本概念,探讨了国内外学者使用有限元法模拟土壤切削过程的进展情况,总结了有限元法在土壤切削过程模拟中遇到的问题.同时,提出了应加强对有限元法在多参数交互、有秸秆混合的复杂土壤条件下的切削过程模拟的研究.     

直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度的有限元分析

针对采用传统经验公式分析计算齿轮泵齿轮接触强度存在计算过程相当复杂、繁琐,误差较大的问题.在分析齿轮受力情况基础上,采用有限元法对直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮接触强度进行计算,并与经验公式计算的接触强度进行比较分析.结果表明,两种方法计算结果基本吻合,证实了采用有限元法分析计算的可行性与优越性,为直线共轭内啮合齿轮泵齿轮的设计、选材提供了一种新的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值.